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Special Relativity

Sam Mellon Period 8. Special Relativity. General or Special Relativity?. Einstein's Theory of General Relativity? ds 2 = c 2 (1-2MG/c 2 r)dt 2 - dr 2 /(1-2MG/c 2 r) - r 2 (dq 2 +sin 2 qdf 2 ).

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Special Relativity

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  1. Sam Mellon Period 8 Special Relativity

  2. General or Special Relativity? • Einstein's Theory of General Relativity? ds2 = c2(1-2MG/c2r)dt2 - dr2/(1-2MG/c2r) - r2(dq2+sin2qdf2). • General Relativity is the explanation of gravity pertaining to all particles, large and small, in the universe. • Special Relativity includes the different phenomena that occur that happen at or near light speed.

  3. Special Relativity • I took a class at Brown University at Providence, RI. I learned about Einstein’s relativities. • The four main type of phenomena that I learned about are the following: • Time Dilation • Length Contraction • Equivalence of Matter and Energy • Newton's Modified force equation

  4. Terms used • In Special Relativity and related Physics, there are different terms that you must understand in order to understand what is given. • Reference frame- The point in space-time at which an observer views an event. • S prime frames- How frames are labeled. • Gamma(ɣ )- A Greek letter that represents the equation (ɣ=1/(√1-v2/c2))

  5. Time Dilation-Twins Paradox Bob and Alex are both 10 year old twins on Earth. His dad doesn’t like Alex and sends him away for 5 year trip at .8c. Alex returns to the Earth after another 5 year journey at .8c. Bob is 20 years old, is Alex 20 years old? Equation for Time Dilation: ∆tp= (∆t/ɣ)

  6. Time Dilation Cont.

  7. Length Contraction- Barn Paradox

  8. Length Contraction Continued

  9. Equivalence of Mass and Energy • E=mc2 • Energy is equal to the mass times the speed of light squared. • What does it mean? • Why is this an important concept?

  10. Energy and Mass • The equation can be used to determine the energy unleashed from atomic particles. • The mass of one atom of Hydrogen is 0.00100794 kg. If you multiply the speed of light in a vacuum, 3.0x108, you can get the energy released in Newtons (kgm/s).

  11. Energy and Mass Cont. • This comes out to be a total of 9.07x1013N or Joules/m. • This is the amount of energy released from a SINGLE Hydrogen atom!

  12. h

  13. Modification to Newton’s 2nd Law • What is Newton’s second law? • What does it explain? • Why do you think it must have a different application for Special Relativity?

  14. Newton’s Second Law cont. • Newton’s Second Law shows an exponential growth of Force, leading to an exponential growth in velocity due to acceleration. • By adding gamma cubed to the equation to set a limit on velocity. Therefore, you can have an infinite unbalanced force and only reach speeds of .999c.

  15. Special Relativity RECAP • Time Dilation • Length Contraction • Energy and Mass • Newton’s Second Law

  16. Picture/ Bibliography • http://www.superhappiness.com/albert-einstein.jpg • Dr. CengizPehlvan. Physics Instructor Brown University. Special Relativity class 902. • http://agsinger.com/pics/50%20viral%20images/Hydrogen_Bomb_Toroidal_Cloud.jpg

  17. The End

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