1 / 17

2.1 Nature of Matter

2.1 Nature of Matter. Atom – atomos – “unable to cut”. - basic unit of matter which consists of 3 SUBatomic particle. Proton. Location: in the nucleus (center) Mass: 1 amu (atomic mass unit) Charge: Positive (+1). Neutrons. Location: in the nucleus Mass: 1 amu

dasha
Download Presentation

2.1 Nature of Matter

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 2.1 Nature of Matter Atom – atomos – “unable to cut” - basic unit of matter which consists of 3 SUBatomic particle.

  2. Proton • Location: in the nucleus (center) • Mass: 1 amu (atomic mass unit) • Charge: Positive (+1)

  3. Neutrons • Location: in the nucleus • Mass: 1 amu • Charge: no charge (neutral)

  4. Electrons • Location: outside of nucleus in orbitals (electron clouds, energy levels) • Mass: nearly 0 amu • Charge: Negative (-1)

  5. Element • Def – a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom. • Ex – Gold Rutherford's Experiment: Nuclear Atom

  6. Chemical Symbols Atomic Number Atomic Number – the number of protons found in the atom 6 C 12.011 1 – 2 letter chemical symbol Atomic Mass – the total number of neutrons and protons in the atom. (Units: amu) Atomic Mass

  7. Try These 30 Zn 65.5 11 Na 23 How many protons? 11 How many protons? 30 How many neutrons? 12 How many neutrons? 35 - 36 Element Name? Sodium Element Name? Zinc

  8. Isotopes Def: atoms of an element that have different number of neutrons • All isotopes have the same chemical properties

  9. Radioactive Isotopes • Def: isotopes that have unstable nuclei that become stable by releasing radiation • Uses of Radioactive Isotopes • Determine the age of rocks because the nuclei break down at a constant rate. • Treat Cancer

  10. Compounds Def: a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions H2O - Water C6H12O6 - Glucose NaCl - Salt

  11. Forming Chemical Compounds Ionic Bonds – a bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. • Ions: atoms of the same element that have lost or gained an electron. • 2-8-8(18) Rule: Elements want to fill their outer shell by gaining or losing electrons.

  12. Valence Electrons Valence Electrons: Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. Ionic Bonding

  13. Covalent Bonds Def: A chemical bond that forms when electrons are shared between atoms. Think about Hydrogen Molecule: the smallest unit of most compounds. Animation

  14. Covalent Bonds Why does Carbon usually form covalent bonds, instead of ionic bonds? Answer – Outer shell is half full.

  15. Van der Waals Forces • Sometimes in covalent bonds the sharing of electrons is not always equal. • Slight attraction between slightly charged regions of a nearby molecules. • A combination of ionic and covalent bonds TED - Gecko Talk

  16. Exit Slip • Draw two molecules of water attached to each other, show hydrogen bonds, atoms, and charges. • Boron is atomic #5 and atomic mass is 11 draw this atom, show all subatomic particles. • How many electrons and protons are in Cu 2+ (ion of copper) Atm. #=29

  17. Exit Slip 9/27 • List at least three unique properties of water. • Why would we consider protons to be an atoms identity and electrons to be like the personality of an atom? • Can you explain why one side of a water molecule is slightly positive and the other side is slightly negative?

More Related