Comparison of Kulichivka ( lower layer ) and the Moravian Bohunician

1. IAA#800010801 http://www.iabrno.cz/EUP.htm Comparison of Kulichivka (lower layer) and the Moravian Bohunician Petr Škrdla Institute of Archeology ASCR, Brno Pavel Nikolajev Masaryk University, Brno

2. Emiran - Bohunician Figure 2. Moravia and neighboring regions. 1: Brno Basin (Bohunice, Stránská skála, Líšeň, Podolí, Tvarožná), 2: Bobrava area (Ořechov, Želešice, Dolní Kounice), 3: Mohelno area (Mohelno, Lhánice), 4: Ondratice/Želeč area, 5: Popovice, 6: Diváky, 7: Hradsko, 8: Dzierzyslaw (PL), 9: Piekary (PL), 10: Stajnia (PL), 11: Nižný Hrabovec (SK), 12: Kulichivka (UA). • MP/UP transitional period • Complex of evolved Levallois industries • Comparable industries from the Near East (Boker Tachtit), through the Balkan Peninsula (Temnata), Ukraine (Kulichivka) and even further to the east (e.g. Kara Bom) Figure 1. Map of the Eurasia with location of discussed sites. M: Moravian site cluster – see Figure 2 for details, L: Levantine sites (Boker Tachtit, Ksar Akil, Üçagizli), 1: Hradsko, 2: Stajnia, 3: Piekary, 4: Nižný Hrabovec, 5: Temnata, 6: Kulichivka, 7: Kara Bom, 8: Shuidonggo. Made with Natural Earth.

3. Bohunician in the Brno basin

4. Chronology

5. TL and OSL datings TL: 48.2 ±1.9 kya (Richter et al. 2008)

6. Stránská skála, refittings The sites Stránská skála III, IIIa & IIIc had provided 14 very completely reconstructed cores supplemented by a series of shorter sequences.

7. Bohunician technology Artifact Cross-sections of the most completely reconstructed cores and the theoretical scheme Levallois point Core residual Crest blade removal Preparation of the frontal crest Shaping the triangular form of the core’s frontal face The first series of Levallois point production The second series of Levallois point production Narrowing the core face

8. BokerTachtit, CentralNegev Cross-sections of the most completely reconstructed cores Layer 4 Layer 2 Layer 1 Artifact Levallois point Core residual

9. Comparison of Bohunician and Kulichivka chaîne opératoire • Raw material procurement

10. Preparation stage • nodules or blocks were shaped using the classic Upper Palaeolithicmethod, i.e. with a prepared frontal crest • one or two opposed reduction platforms were prepared

11. Production stage • Production of elongated Levallois points

12. Discussion • distance between Brno Basin and Kremenets - ca. 670 km in a straight line distance • similar site location - strategic position above a river valley • same raw material procurement strategy –located at an important raw material outcrop with the economy focused on exploitation of local raw material • high degree of technological similarity - similar technological categories including crested blades and opposed directional cores; similar target product – elongated Levallois point with facetted striking platform and bidirectional dorsal scars • chronology position - discrepancy in obtained dates – how do they relate? Bohunician – dozens of dates falling into the time span of GIS-12 to GIS-9 / Kulichivka has two dates falling into the time span GIS-8 to GIS-7

13. Conclusion • We have documented a high degree of similarity between the Brno basin and Kulichivka • The Emiro-Bohunician technocomplex is extremely important for the study of AMH dispersal into Eurasia from the Levant, e.g. • Bradtmöller, M., Pastoors, A.,Weninger, B., Weniger, G.-C. 2012: The repeated replacement model –Rapid climate change and population dynamics in Late Pleistocene Europe. Quaternary International 247, 38-49. • Hoffecker, J.F. 2009. The spread of modern humans in Europe. PNAS106(38): 16040-16045. • Hublin, J.-J. 2012: The earliest modern human colonization of Europe. PNAS 109 (34), 13471-13472. • Further research needs to be completed to verify these results –technology studies (including refitting and attribute analysis) and dating are also needed to confirm the chronological position of Kulichivka

14. Thank you for your attention!