1 / 25

Myers PSYCHOLOGY 8th Edition in Modules

Operant Conditioning. Organisms learn associations between particular behaviors (as opposed to particular stimuli in classical conditioning) and consequences. Behaviors are voluntary and elicited from the organism.Operant conditioning involves learning to choose to engage in certain behaviors in o

datherine
Download Presentation

Myers PSYCHOLOGY 8th Edition in Modules

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. Myers PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition in Modules) Module 22 Operant Conditioning

    2. Operant Conditioning Organisms learn associations between particular behaviors (as opposed to particular stimuli in classical conditioning) and consequences. Behaviors are voluntary and elicited from the organism. Operant conditioning involves learning to choose to engage in certain behaviors in order to receive rewards or avoid consequences. Operant: a response that has some effect on the world.

    3. Thorndike’s Law of Effect If a response made in the presence of a particular stimulus is rewarded, the response is more likely to occur the next time the stimulus is encountered again. “Instrumental Conditioning” Skinner extended this idea by saying that an organism learns a response by operating on the environment. “Operant Conditioning”

    4. Operant Conditioning Respondent Behavior occurs as an automatic response to stimulus behavior learned through classical conditioning Operant Behavior operates (acts) on environment produces consequences

    5. Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner (1904-1990) elaborated Thorndike’s Law of Effect developed behavioral technology

    6. Operant Chamber Skinner Box chamber with a bar or key that an animal manipulates to obtain a food or water reinforcer contains devices to record responses

    7. Operant Conditioning Reinforcer any event that strengthens the behavior it follows Shaping operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer approximations of a desired goal

    8. Reinforcement Reinforcement: Always encourages behavior or makes behavior more likely. Positive reinforcement: Giving something good to encourage behavior Negative reinforcement: Taking away something bad in order to encourage behavior NOTE: Both positive AND negative reinforcement are GOOD things the learner hopes to receive.

    9. Punishment Punishment: Always discourages behavior or makes behavior less likely. Positive Punishment: Giving something bad to discourage behavior. Negative punishment: Taking away something good to discourage behavior. NOTE: Both positive AND negative punishments are BAD things the learner hopes to avoid.

    10. When Dr. Piercy’s daughter will not stop tormenting her little sister, Dr. Piercy puts her daughter’s doll “in jail” so that she cannot play with it for a while. This is an example of: Negative reinforcement Positive reinforcement Negative punishment Positive punishment

    11. During Biff’s annual review, his boss says he’s not sure whether he should give Biff a positive punishment, or a negative reinforcement. Which should Biff ask for? The positive punishment is nicer. The negative reinforcement is nicer. Biff should beg his boss to give him both the positive punishment and the negative reinforcement. Biff should beg his boss not to give him the negative reinforcement or the positive punishment.

    12. Operant Conditioning

More Related