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Cognitive Psychology Methods Tasks, IVs & DVs

Cognitive Psychology Methods Tasks, IVs & DVs. Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology Norming Studies - free association - imageability ratings - age of acquisition ratings - subjective frequency ratings boxer, icing, joker, gnome, assay. R 2 s Naming RT

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Cognitive Psychology Methods Tasks, IVs & DVs

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  1. Cognitive Psychology Methods Tasks, IVs & DVs

  2. Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology Norming Studies - free association - imageability ratings - age of acquisition ratings - subjective frequency ratings boxer, icing, joker, gnome, assay

  3. R2s Naming RT Obj. Freq. .061 .096 + Sub. Freq. .076 .096 Change in R2.015 .000 LD RT Obj. Freq. .323 .440 + Sub. Freq. .439 .485 Change in R2 .116 .045

  4. Reading Aloud Task - Instructions You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. On each trial, we ask that you read each word as quickly and accurately as possible.

  5. +

  6. mellow

  7. Lexical Decision Task - Instructions You will be presented with a series of words and nonwords, one at a time. On each trial, if the stimulus is a word, then you press the “yes” key as quickly and accurately as possible. If the stimulus is a nonword, then you press the “no” key as quickly and accurately as possible.

  8. +

  9. mummy

  10. +

  11. busket

  12. Reading Aloud Task, Lexical Decision Task Independent VariablesDependent Variables Word Frequency (low, high)Reaction Time boon = low Accuracy book = high Word Length (short, long) box = short bottom = long Spelling-to-Sound Consistency (consistent, inconsistent) punt = consistent pint = inconsistent Lexicality (word, nonword) table = word flirpy = nonword

  13. Visual Search You will be presented with a display of letters. As soon as you spot the F, raise your hand.

  14. O O C S C S C C O O O O O O C S C O S C O S C O S C O S S O S O O O O O S S S S C C C S O S C O S C O S C O S C C S S C C S C S O S C O S C G S S C C S C O S C O C C C S C O O S G S C O C C O O S S S C S S C O S C O S C O S C O S S O C C C C S S S F C S O S O O S S S S C S S C O S C O S C C C S O O S S O O C C C C S S S S S S C O S C O S C O S C O S S C C O S C S O S C S O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O C C S S C C O O S S O O S S SS S S C S S C O S C O C S S C O S C S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C S S S C O S C O C C S C O S C O O C O O C O S C O S C O S C S S C O C S O C O S C O S C O S C S S C O S C C S C O S C O S C O S C S S C C S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C O S C C S C O C S S

  15. distracters - other items in the search set

  16. E I E I E E T T T T T T E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E I I T T I E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E T E I E I I E E T T I I T T I I I E EE E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E I I I E T E T T T T E I I I E E I T E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E I T I E T I E L T I L I E T E E T T I I I E E E T E E I I E E I I I E E I T I T T I I I I I T T E E E E I E I I I T T E E T T T E I T I E I T I E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E F E I I T E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E T E I E I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E T E I EI I E E T I I T T I I I E E I E E I I E E I E T E I EI I E E T T I I T T I I I E E E E I E T E I E I E E T

  17. RT in ms Display Size distracters similar = serial search distracters dissimilar = parallel search

  18. Stroop Task – Instructions You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. Your job is to name the color that the word appears in. For example, if the word presented is word then the correct response is “blue.”

  19. Stroop Task Independent Variable Congruency (congruent, incongruent, neutral) blue = congruent red = incongruent table = neutral Dependent Variables Reaction Time Accuracy

  20. Free Recall Memory Task – Instructions You will be presented with a series of words, one at a time. At the end of the list, you should write down as many of the words that you can recall in any order.

  21. Free Recall Task Independent Variables List Position (early, middle, late) Stimulus Duration (short, long) List Length (short, long) Stimulus Variables Frequency (high, low) Length (short, long) Distinctiveness (distinct, not distinct) Dependent Variables Proportion Correct Number Incorrect

  22. Word Fragment Completion Task – Instructions You will be presented with a series of word fragments (e.g., w_r_). You should fill in each fragment with the first word that comes to mind.

  23. Word-Fragment Completion – Implicit Memory Task Independent Variable Fragment Type (studied, unstudied) Dependent Variable Proportion Completed (with target word)

  24. Word-Fragment Completion – Implicit Memory Task Study List 1 Study List 2 "Test” List elephant elevator e_e_h_n_ e_e_a_t_r market monkey m_r_e_ m_n_e_ doctor diamond d_c_o_ d_a_o_d closet clever c_o_e_ c_e_e_ ladder lover l_d_e_ l_v_r

  25. Word-Fragment Completion – Implicit Memory Task Independent Variable Fragment Type (studied, unstudied) Dependent Variable Proportion Completed (with target word) studied s_a_o_ shadow e_e_h_n_ elephant b_i_d_n_ building i_t_l_i_e_t intelligent w_n_o_ window

  26. Semantic Priming Paradigm 2 words are presented, and participant responds to 2nd word prime - 1st word target - 2nd word

  27. +

  28. doctor

  29. nurse

  30. Semantic Priming Paradigm 2 words are presented, and participant responds to 2nd word prime - 1st word target - 2nd word primetargetreaction time doctor nurse 500 ms chair nurse 525 ms Subject 1 Subject 2 related doctor – nurse unrelated chair – nurse unrelated chair – nest related bird - nest

  31. Semantic Priming Paradigm Facilitation - speeds up RT Inhibition - slows down RT

  32. Semantic Priming Paradigm Independent Variable Relatedness (related, unrelated) doctor – nurse = related chair – nurse = unrelated Dependent Variables Reaction Time Accuracy

  33. Semantic Priming Paradigm Independent Variable Relatedness (related, unrelated) RT doctor – nurse = related 500 ms chair – nurse = unrelated 515 ms Dependent Variables Reaction Time

  34. Semantic Priming Paradigm Independent Variable Relatedness (related, unrelated) Proportion of Errors doctor – nurse = related .01 chair – nurse = unrelated .04 Dependent Variables Accuracy

  35. Category Verification Task - Instructions In this task, you will be presented with a series of trials. On each trial, you will first be presented with a category name (e.g., VEHICLE). This category name will be followed by another word. If the word refers to a member of the category (e.g., plane), then say "yes" ASAP. If the word does not refer to a member of the category (e.g., robin), then say "no" ASAP.

  36. +

  37. BIRD

  38. daisy

  39. Category Verification Task Independent Variables Category Typicality (typical, atypical) BIRD – robin = typical BIRD – ostrich = atypical Category Foil (homophone, control) FLOWER – rows = homophone FLOWER – robs = control Dependent Variables Accuracy Reaction Time

  40. Other important tasks and methods Whole report – partial report Dichotic listening Shadowing Serial recall Cued Recall Recognition memory DRM paradigm Misinformation paradigm Picture naming Category fluency Fixation durations Perceptual ID

  41. Design and Analysis

  42. Experimental Designs Within Subjects Between Subjects

  43. Experimental Designs Factorial Design – 2 Independent Variables Within Subjects Between Subjects Mixed

  44. Experimental Designs Factorial Design – 2 Independent Variables Within Subjects Reading Aloud Experiment Word Length (Short, Long) Word Frequency (High, Low) High Frequency – Short AIR High Frequency – Long PLEASE Low Frequency – Short ALE Low Frequency – Long PLUNGE frequency high low please 490 ms plunge 525 ms Length short long air 480 ms ale 490 ms

  45. Experimental Designs Factorial Design – 2 Independent Variables Between Subjects Study Condition (Group Learning, Lecture) Textbook (Text 1, Text 2) Conditions Group Learning and Text 1 Group Learning and Text 2 Lecture and Text 1 Lecture and Text 2 Study Condition group lecture 68% 60% Textbook text 2 text 1 82% 71%

  46. Experimental Designs Factorial Design – 2 Independent Variables Mixed Reading Aloud Experiment Within Subjects Word Frequency (high, low) High book Low boon Between Subjects Blocking Condition (mixed, blocked) mixed blocked 490ms 470ms HF 510ms 530ms LF 20 ms 60 ms

  47. Testing for Main Effects and Interactions Main Effect – Determining if one IV has an effect on the DV Interaction – Determining if the effect of one IV remains constant at each level of the other IV

  48. Frequency and Length DV = Reaction Time in ms. Length Long Short High 525 515 Frequency Low 560 550

  49. Main Effect of Frequency? DV = Reaction Time in ms. Length Long Short Mean High (525 + 515)/2 = 520 Frequency Low (560 + 550)/2 = 555 High Frequency = 520 Low Frequency = 555 Conclusion – Main Effect of Frequency

  50. Main Effect of Length? DV = Reaction Time in ms. Length Long Short High 525 515 Frequency + + Low 560550 1085/2 1065/2 = 542.5 532.5 Long Words = 542.5 Short Words = 532.5 Conclusion – Main Effect of Length

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