THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF SRI LANKA

1. THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF SRI LANKA MARKETING STRATEGY International Marketing Strategy HafeezRajudin Chartered Marketer MBA(SJSU), DipM(UK), PG. Dip. Bsc & Fin Adm (ICASL), FInstCM(UK), FCIM(UK), FSLIM

2. INTERNATIONAL MARKETING “The world is shrinking rapidly with the advent of faster communication, transportation and financial flows – products developed in one country are finding enthusiastic acceptance in other countries”.

3. MAJOR DECISIONS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Looking at the Global Marketing environment Deciding whether to go International Deciding which markets to enter Deciding how to enter the markets Deciding on the global Marketing program Deciding on the global Marketing organization

4. Looking at the Global Marketing Environment • Economic Environment • Legal & Political Environment • Cultural Environment

5. Economic Environment • Subsistence Economies • Raw Materials Exporting Economies • Industrializing Economies • Industrial Economies

6. Political & Legal Environment • Attitude towards International buying • Government bureaucracy • Political Stability • Monetary regulations

7. Cultural Environment • Each country has its own folkways, norms and taboos. • When deciding global marketing strategies, companies must understand how cultures affect consumer reactions in each of its world markets. • In turn they must also understand how their strategies affect local cultures/

8. Deciding Whether to go International • Not all companies need to venture into international markets to survive. • This decision depends upon the stage of the company life cycle. (Explanation)

9. Deciding which Markets to Enter Before going abroad, the company should try to define its: • International marketing objectives and policies. • Choose how many countries to enter. • Market potential

10. Demographic Characteristics Education Population size and growth Population age composition Geographic Characteristics Climate Country size Population density (urban, rural) Transportation structure and market accessibility Indicators of Market Potential

11. Economic factors GDP size and growth Income distribution Industrial infrastructure Natural resources Financial and human resources Socio cultural factors Consumer lifestyles, beliefs and values Business norms and approaches Social norms. Languages Indicators of Market Potential

12. Political and Legal factors National priorities Political stability Government attitude towards global trade Government bureaucracy Monetary and trade regulations Indicators of Market Potential

13. Deciding How to Enter the Market “Once a company has decided to sell in a foreign country, it must determine the best mode of entry”

14. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES • EXPORTING • Direct • Indirect • Direct Investment • Assembly facilities • Manufacturing • facilities • Joint Venturing • Licensing • Contract • Manufacturing • Management Contracting • Joint Ownership Amount of Commitment, Risk, Control and Profit Potential

15. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Exporting: Entering a foreign market by selling goods produced in the company’s home country, often with little or no modifications.

16. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Joint Venturing Entering foreign markets by joining with foreign companies to produce or market a product or service

17. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Licensing A method of entering a foreign market in which the company enters into an agreement with a licensee in the foreign market, offering the right to use a, manufacturing process, trade mark, patent, trade secret, or other item of value for a fee or royalty.

18. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Contract Manufacturing A joint venture in which a company contracts with manufacturers in a foreign market to produce the product or provide its service.

19. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Management Contracting A joint venture in which the domestic firm supplies the management know-how to a foreign company that supplies the capital; the domestic form exports management services rather than products.

20. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Joint Ownership A joint venture in which a company joins investors in a foreign market to create a local business in which the company shares joint ownership and control.

21. MARKET ENTRY STRATEGIES Direct Investment Entering a foreign market by developing foreign-based assembly or manufacturing facilities.

22. Deciding on the Global Marketing Program • Companies that operate in one or more foreign markets must decide how much, if at all, to adapt their marketing mixes to local conditions. • At one extreme are global companies that use a STANDARDADIZED MARKETING MIX, selling largely the same products and use the same marketing approaches worlwide.

23. Deciding on the Global Marketing Program • At the other extreme is an ADAPTED MARKETING MIX. In this case, the producer adjusts the marketing mix elements to each target market, bearing more costs but hoping for a larger market share and return.

24. ADAPTING PRODUCT & PROMOTIONTO A GLOBAL MARKET • Straight Extension • Communication adaptation • Product Adaptation • Dual Adaptation • Product Invention

25. FIVE INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT AND PROMOTION STRATEGIES PRODUCT Don’t change Product Adapt Product Develop new Product 3. Product Adaptation 5. Product Invention 1. Straight Extension Don’t change Promotion Adapt Promotion PROMOTION 4. Dual Adaptation 2. Communication Adaptation

26. FIVE INTERNATIONAL PRODUCT AND PROMOTION STRATEGIES • Straight Product Extension Marketing a product in a foreign market without any change. • Product Adaptation Adapting a product to meet local conditions or wants in foreign markets. • Product Invention Creating new products or services for foreign markets. • Communication Adaptation A global communication strategy of fully adapting advertising messages to local markets.

27. DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS WHOLE-CHANNEL CONCEPT FOR INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Seller’s Headquarters Organization for International marketing Channels Between nations Final User Or Buyer Channels Within nations seller