Optical Networking Services

1. Optical Networking Services Tal Lavian tlavian@eecs.berkeley.edu Some slides and most of the graphics are taken from other slides Optical Networking Services

2. Research Direction • The research topic that I’m looking after is Applications and Services Infrastructure for Optical Networking • What is a service composition and how we build a service? What building blocks are needed and how cooperating and brokering should work in optical infrastructure and among providers? • A good starting point can be to look into some applications and pick few (2-3). We can look into the TeraGrid and SAN, and we should see how the dynamic behavior of emerging optical networking technologies could benefit the applications • We need to look all the way from the problem, solution, application, architecture, services, and how this is implemented and what services are needed in each layer Optical Networking Services

3. Agenda • Optical Networking • Three networks: LAN, MAN and WAN • Leading technologies: ASTN, Smartl, ASON, MPLS, OE, • Challenges • Service Solutions • Killer Applications • Summary Optical Networking Services

4. OPE OPE ASON ASON ASON ASON Three networks in The Internet Access Backbone PX Metro Core Local Network (LAN) Long-Haul Core (WAN) Metro Network (MAN) Optical Networking Services

5. 2. Adds Layer for Service Management & Creation • Mesh Network Planner • Mesh Optimizer • Mesh Capacity Planner • Service Activation • Service Assurance • Customer Care and Billing • Service Control • Policy Services • Fault Detection • Fault Isolation • Fault Correlation • Monitoring Network Mgmt Tools Service- Ware Management System UNI Proxy Signaling Optical ASTN (Automatic Switch Transport Network) 3. Applications (SA Servers) ASON : End-to-End Dynamic Connectivity OCC (IOC) Inter-domain I/F OSPF routing OCC OCC OCC MPLS path establishment Service Agent (SA) Optical Routing & Signaling Layer Topology discovery NNI Client Signaling + UNI l’s, OC-N, STS-N granularity Client Traffic Optical Switch Agile Optical Network Optical Networking Services

6. IP Ethernet OC-192 Optical Ethernet (OE) • Goal • Ethernet Transport (L2) over Optical networks (L1) • Benefits • Optical agility and reliability • Ethernet simplicity and efficiency • Seamless transport from LAN to MAN and to WAN • 10GigE Standard • GigE extension • Ethernet over OC-192 • IEEE 802.3ae • RPR Standard • (Resilient Packet Ring) • Ring MAC protocol • Ethernet over rings • IEEE 802.17 Optical Networking Services

7. Agenda • Optical Networking • Challenges • Bandwidth provisioning • Data transport • Enterprise Networks • QoS • Network Heterogeneity • Service Solutions • Killer Applications • Summary Optical Networking Services

8. The Metro Bottleneck Other Sites Access Metro Core Network End User Access Metro Core DS1 DS3 OC-12 OC-48 OC-192 OC-192 DWDM n x l Ethernet LAN IP/DATA 1GigE LL/FR/ATM 1-40Meg 10G 40G+ Optical Networking Services

9. Challenge 1: Bandwidth Provisioning • Network congestion • LAN access to MAN • Fibers in MAN and WAN • Insufficient use: <50% on lighting • Inefficient use: wavelength under load • Lack of mechanisms • Dynamic setup • User intelligence Optical Networking Services

10. Challenge 2: Data Transport Connectivity Packet Switch • data-optimized • Ethernet • TCP/IP • Network use • LAN • Advantages • Efficient • Simple • Low cost • Disadvantages • Unreliable • Circuit Switch • Voice-oriented • SONET • ATM • Network uses • Metro and Core • Advantages • Reliable • Disadvantages • Complicate • High cost Efficiency ? Reliability Optical Networking Services

11. Challenge 3: Enterprise Networks • Network security • Encrypted communication • Selective routing • Network efficiency • Fast transport • Extensible intranet and extranet • Dynamical connection and route setup Optical Networking Services

12. Challenge 4: QoS Guarantee • The Internet has rapidly increasing bandwidth • With the help of optical transport • With high-speed router and switches • However, it does not provide server guarantee • Throughput • Delay • Jitter • Reliability • Priority Optical Networking Services

13. Challenge 5: Network Heterogeneity • The Internet is fragmented in structure • LAN, MAN and WAN in terms of area • Actual domains operated by network service providers • Network Service providers • Support a variety of L1-7 protocols • Realize data transport in their own ways • Control network by different methods and technologies • Interface problems • Device interface: UNI, NNI • Layer-to-layer: IP QoS to Ethernet CoS • Switching: Ethernet to MPLS, RPR to MPLS Optical Networking Services

14. Agenda • Optical Networking • Challenges • Service Solutions • Optics + Ethernet • Smart bandwidth • Flexible VPN • QoS • Network Coordination • Killer Applications • Summary Optical Networking Services

15. Reliable O + E Solution: Optics + Ethernet • Ethernet Transport • Data efficiency • Simple and scalable • Optical Networks • Huge bandwidth • Fast and reliable LAN MAN Simple Fast Optical Networking Services

16. Scenario 1: City Network Customer B Customer A Customer A, B Core Backbone Customer Premise RPR Ring RPR Ring RPR Ring RPR Ring Customer C Customers A, C POP Service POP IOF Virtual RPR Ring Core Customers B, C RPR Ring POP Optical Networking Services

17. Scenario 2: Storage Area Network (SAN) OXC OXC Router Storage Service Provider 10GigE 10 Servers Users Raid Controller 10 l1-lx RPR Ring l1-lx 10 LAN Switch FC SW 10 Gateway Router 10 10 l1-lx To other SAN islands 10 Public Network Long Haul Optical Networking Services

18. Smart Bandwidth • Bandwidth on Demand • Schedulable bandwidth provisioning • Tunable bandwidth allocation • Dynamic optical links and wavelength establishment • Load Balance • Bandwidth fairness • Traffic re-route • Use differentiation • Traffic: sources and destinations • User: how much you pay, privilege • Application: medical, science computing • Content: video streaming, 3D games • Base Technologies • OE: RPR, 10GigE • ASON • MPLS/GMPLS • Content networking Optical Networking Services

19. Flexible VPN • Various needs • L1: Optical VPN • L2: Ethernet 802.1Q VLAN • L2: Ethernet Transparent LAN • L2+: MPLS-based VPN • L3: IP VPN • L4+: Content VPN • Intelligent Control • VPN on demand • Dynamic join/drop • Route adjustment • Use differentiation • Enterprise: SBC, Sprint, AOL • User group: discussion • App content: games, video conference • Base technologies • ASON • Ethernet • MPLS/GMPLS • IPVPN • Content networking End-User Ethernet Frame MPLS Labels SP Ethernet Header Ethernet Header 802.1Q Tag Payload Label CoS TTL • Protocol Identifier (0x8100) • Priority (per 802.1p) VLAN_ID (12 bits) OE Header CustomerEthernet Frame TLS Tag Optical Networking Services

20. Coordination of Network Controls • Mapping • IP2OE: IP control to Optical Ethernet control • OE2M: Optical Ethernet control to MPLS control • NCIM: network interface mapping • UNI • NNI • Use differentiation • Network providers: carriers • Service providers: ISP • Base technologies • IP • ASON • Ethernet • MPLS/GMPLS Optical Networking Services

21. QoS (Quality of Service) • Mechanisms • L1: wavelength protection • L2: Ethernet CoS • IEEE 801.p priority levels • L2+: MPLS CoS • L3: IP QoS • Diffserv • Intserv • Use differentiation • Network providers: carriers • Service providers: ISP • Applications • Content • Base technologies • IP Intserv and Diffserv • ASON • Ethernet • MPLS/GMPLS Optical Networking Services

22. Agenda • Optical Networking • Challenges • Service Solutions • Killer Applications • Summary Optical Networking Services

23. Large-volume Data Exchange • Optical SAN • Backup on demand • Disaster Recovery • Fast route to restore data after the disaster • Alternate routes to bypass the network in a disaster Optical Networking Services

24. Content Networking • Content enabling extensions • Content VPN • Content Caching • Content Multicasting • Application scenarios • Video teleconferencing • Video on demand • Streaming media Optical Networking Services

25. Distributed Server Groups • Servers grouped in the Internet • In SAN, data storage servers • In Web, HTTP servers • In Media, A/V media streaming servers • In Grid, supper computing servers • Application scenarios • Global Load Balance • Server load fair distributions • Grid Computing • Media treatment: CT diagnoses • CAD: fighter concurrent design Optical Networking Services

26. Agenda • Optical Networking • Challenges • Service Solutions • Killer Applications • Summary Optical Networking Services

27. Summary • Optical transport brings abundant bandwidth • Efficient use of bandwidth becomes crucial • Network Services enable • Use network flexibly and transparently • Add customized intelligence • Killer Applications night be OVPN or any other dynamic bandwidth provisioning Optical Networking Services

28. Backup Optical Networking Services

29. IEEE RPR Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) • A winning combination • “SONET/DWDM” + Ethernet • Ring MAC Protocol • Packet Add/Drop/Pass • Efficient Multicast/Broadcast • Effective Use of Bandwidth • Spatial re-use • Ring Protection • Fast and reliable layer 2 protection • Topology Discovery • Connectionless route discovery • Control Access Protocol • Ensures fair access to ring BW • Class of Service • IEEE 802.1p Optical Networking Services

30. 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10-GigE) • An immediate extension of GigE from LAN to LAN and WAN • Same Ethernet MAC protocol • Same frame format with the same minimum and maximum size • Fiber-only • IEEE 802.3ae Standard • 10GEA: 10 GigE Alliance IP Ethernet OC-192 Optical Networking Services

31. CE • P • P VPN D VPN C VPN B VPN D VPN A VPN C VPN B • PE VPN A • CE • PE • CE • CE Backbones MPLS/GMPLS • CE • PE • P • P • CE • CE • CE CE - Customer Edge Device • CE PE - Provider Edge Device P - Provider Internal Device • CE MPLS and Long-range VPNs • MPLS/GMPLS is the emerging switching protocol in optical core networks • Long-range VPNs can be established by MPLS labels End-User Ethernet Frame MPLS Labels SP Ethernet Header Label CoS TTL Optical Networking Services