Incidents, Fatigue & Fatigue Management INTERTANKO - October 2006 . David George – Global Ship Quality Assurance Man

1. Incidents, Fatigue & Fatigue Management • INTERTANKO - October 2006. • David George – Global Ship Quality Assurance Manager • Nick Roberts – Senior Ship Assessor

3. Innumerable Studies Agree - Fatigue Causes….. • Performance variability • Slowed physical and mental reaction time • Increase in work related errors • Increased tendency to persistently repeat behaviours • Increase in false responding • Increase in memory errors • Decreased vigilance • Reduced motivation and laxity

4. “Fatigue is not well considered at sea, and yet its effects are insidious” Stephen Meyer Chief Inspector of Marine Accidents MAIB April 2005 “The study…concluded that….watch keeper fatigue was a major factor in many accidents, and particularly groundings…and will be no surprise to officers involved in the short sea trade in particular” MAIB Safety Digest 1/2005

5. The HOW Rules – STCW & ILO180

6. Which HOW Rules apply? (ILO rule what ILO rule?) • ILO 180 Convention ratified by 20 nations • ILO 180 imposed by EU on member states • ILO Consolidated Convention on Maritime labour standards. • EU “Port State” instructed not to “disadvantage” EU ships when considering HOW systems in place on Non-EU ships. • STCW • US legislation

7. Summary of ILO Guidelines… • Any24 hours -10 hrs off; no more than 2 periods; one period of at least 6 hours • In 7 days - 77 hrs of restor 72 hours of work • If called during “rest” – “Compensatory rest” • Schedule – To give times every individual will work • Records – To be completed monthly to specified format

8. Concerns • Interrupted rest becomes two periods (Emergencies Mooring; Drills; “Paperwork”; Meal relief etc!). • Dayworker with regular 10 hour rest “out of conformance” every rest period • Schedule requirement – “Wrong People at Wrong Times” • Complexity - Computer analysis required to spot “non conformance.” • “Management” unaware of levels of “Non conformance”

9. Main Changes from STCW… • Loose “2 days at 6 hours rest” • 7 day rest requirement increases to 77 hours OR • 7 day work requirement reduced to 72 hours • Schedule to specific format and requires actual times of work • Record of Working hours to a specific format • Record of Working hours for all on board

10. Typical Work Patterns..

11. Typical Work Patterns..

12. Typical Work Patterns..

13. Typical Work Patterns..

14. Other Observations…. • Scope for exceptions by“collective agreement” • Rules acknowledge drills /alarms/ emergencies will create non-conformance – requires “compensatory arrangements” • Non conformance applies to rest periods or work periods?

15. Getting it Wrong… • Fatigue…..Real or imagined… Incidents • Port State Observations – Worse to come? • SIRE observations/ Incidents / Oil Major concerns? • Most Companies measure when their Lube oil is getting “tired” – lets do it for our crews?

16. Who Has “Signed up”….(From ILO June 2006) • Belgium 10/6/03 • Bulgaria 24/2/03 • Denmark 10/7/03 • Finland 4/7/02 • Greece 14/5/02 • Ireland 22/4/02 • Latvia 13/1/06 • Luxembourg 30/11/05 • Malta 19/9/05 • Morocco 1/12/05 • Netherlands 16/6/03 • Norway 22/10/03 • Romania 11/10/00 • St Vin & Gren 8/2/05 • Seychelles 28/10/05 • Slovenia 21/07/04 • Spain 7/1/04 • Sweden 15/12/00 • UK 20/12/01 • Plus all other EU States….. • Plus those now signing ILO Consolidated Convention…….