https://youtube/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

2. Unit 2 Biology of BehaviorObjective 1: Explain why psychologists are concerned with human behavior. Everything psychological is simultaneously biological Biological psychologists (neuroscientists) - researchers who study the links between biology & behavior

3. Quick Review - Obj. 1: Explain why psychologists are concerned with biology. 1. In the most basic sense, every idea, mood memory and behavior you have ever experienced is a _________ phenomenon. 2.Researchers who study the links between biology & behavior are called _______________. biological Biological psychologist

4. Quick Review - Obj. 2: Describe the parts of the neuron. neurons 3. Our body’s neural system is built from billions of nerve cells, or ______________. 4. The extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons are the ____________ 5. The extension of a neuron that transmits information to other neurons is the ___________. 6. The neural impulse or _________ __________, is a brief electrical charge that travels down the _____________. 7. The junction or space between two neurons is called ____________. dendrites axon action potential axon Synapse.

5. Terminal buttons 12. 8. dendrites 10. axon Myelin sheath 11. 9. Cell body

6. Quick Review Obj. 3: Explain how nerve cells communicate. threshold 13. To fire a neuron must reach a certain minimum intensity called a ________. 14. Increasing a stimulus above this level __________ (will / will not) increase the neural impulse’s intensity. 15. This phenomenon is known as an _____- ___ - _____ response. 16. The strength of a stimulus (hug vs. light touch) _____ (does/does not) affect the speed of the neural impulse. 17. At the synapse, the neural impulse triggers the release of chemical messengers called________________. 18.Neurotransmitters influence neurons either by ______ or _______ their readiness to fire. 19. Excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by a process called _______. will not none all or does not neurotransmitters excitatory inhibitory reuptake

7. Neural Communication How fast are our neurons?

8. . . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c5cab4hgmoE

9. Objective 2: Describe the parts of a neuron DENDRITE receives messages and sends message toward cell body

10. Neurons AXON: carries message through the neuron & out to other neurons Dendrites lesson. Axon’s speak.

11. Neurons MYELIN SHEATH covers the axon & helps speed the neural message If myelin sheath deteriorates message short circuits = MS

12. Function Threshold: an impulse (message) is triggered only when excitatory signals are more than inhibitory signals meeting a minimum intensity called a threshold.

13. Neurons

14. A nerve impulse fires when the neuron is 1.)stimulated by signals from sensory receptors or when 2.)triggered by chemicals from other neurons. ALL-OR-NONE response. Neuron either fires or not (gun) ACTION POTENTIAL the messages that neurons carry are nerve impulses; electrical signals

15. Before a neuron fires it is RESTING • A neuron cannot fire until it’s THRESHOLD is met. • Excitatory signals exceed inhibitory signals • Each neuron has a speed assigned to it (2mph to 200 mph). • An individual neuron cannot fire faster or slower…it as an ALL OR NONE response. How then can we tell the difference between a big hug & a gentle touch? **A stimulus (hug) can trigger MORE neurons to fire or to fire MORE OFTEN but not more intense or faster.**

16. Neurons When a message reaches the end of an axon, your body changes electrical charge to a chemical message Terminal Buttons: the message ends (terminates)

17. Neurons

18. Objective 3: Explain how neurons communicate • Neurotransmitters • When the action potential (the message) reaches the terminal button (end of axon), your system converts the electrical charge into a chemical message called a NT. • Synapse • Space between the axon tip of a sending neuron and the dendrite of a receiving neuron NT

19. How Neurons Communicate

20. How Neurons Communicate

21. How Neurons Communicate

22. How Neurons Communicate

23. How Neurons Communicate Reuptake: the sending neuron reabsorbs the NT left over in the synapse

24. Objective 4: Describe how NT influence mood & behavior & explain how drugs affect NT. • Acetylcholine (AcH) • Dopamine • Serotonin • Norepinephrine • GABA • Glutamate • Endorphins Tape in NB: 1) Neuron Diagram 2) Synapse Diagram 3) Mouse Party Lab Sheet (after 7 NT definitions) Look these up & put in your notes…what is the function of the chemical?

25. Put each mouse into the chamber • Read & listen to what happens in the brain when a particular drug is ingested • Record which NT is involved; explain what is happening; draw a diagram http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/mouse.html

26. Heroin • agonist; binds to opiate receptors; dopamine floods synapse • Ecstasy • agonist for serotonin; stimulates release (ex) & blocks reuptake • Alcohol • antagonist for glutamate (ex) – prevents glutamate from binding to & exciting cell; increases GABA (in) • Marijuana • agonist; stimulates anadomides (stimulate hunger; sleepiness); stops inhibitory NT that should be stopping the release of dopamine • Cocaine • agonist for dopamine • LSD • agonist for serotonin • Meth • agonist for dopamine

34. Objective 5: Identify the two major divisions of the nervous system & describe their basic functions.

35. Objective 5: Identify the two major divisions of the nervous system & describe their basic functions.

36. The Nervous System

37. link nervous system w/ body’s senses, muscles, & glands nerves: carry from sense receptors TO the brain (CNS) takes in information & sends info to other body parts decision maker sensory interneurons process info between sense input & motor output motor carry from brain (CNS) to body

38. The Nervous System

39. The Nervous System involuntary voluntary

40. The Nervous System involuntary voluntary

41. Sympathetic NS: makes you alert, needs a lot of energy to prepare you for action = heart rate blood pressure blood sugar digestion pupils lungs dilate/bigger dilate/bigger

42. A Simple Reflex

43. Objective 6: Explain the endocrine system’s functions, & how it interacts w/ the nervous system. • nervous system = NT • endocrine system = hormones • chemicals that act all over body • slow • “endocrine hangover” • adrenal gland • surge of energy • adrenaline (fight-or-flight response) • pituitary gland • control center of endocrine sys. • growth & sex hormones • in brain / peas sized • controlled by hypothalmus (brains structure) *endocrine & nervous system are on a constant feedback loop*

44. Definition Slides

45. Biological Psychology = a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. • Some biological psychologists call themselves • behavioral neuroscientists, • neuropsychologists, • behavior geneticists, • physiological psychologists, or • biopsychologists.

46. Neuron = a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system.

47. Sensory Neurons = neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord.

48. Motor Neurons = neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles and glands.

49. Interneurons = neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor outputs.

50. Dendrite = the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body.