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Introduction to Database Management Systems

Introduction to Database Management Systems. Rizwan Rehman CCS, DU. What Is a DBMS?. A very large, integrated collection of data. Models real-world enterprise. Entities (e.g., students, courses) Relationships

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Introduction to Database Management Systems

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  1. Introduction to Database Management Systems Rizwan Rehman CCS, DU

  2. What Is a DBMS? • A very large, integrated collection of data. • Models real-world enterprise. • Entities (e.g., students, courses) • Relationships • A Database Management System (DBMS)is a software package designed to store and manage databases.

  3. ? Why Study Databases?? • Shift from computation to information • at the “low end”: scramble to webspace (a mess!) • at the “high end”: scientific applications • Datasets increasing in diversity and volume. • Digital libraries, interactive video, Human Genome project, EOS project • ... need for DBMS exploding • DBMS encompasses most of CS • OS, languages, theory, “AI”, multimedia, logic

  4. Why Use a DBMS? • Data independence and efficient access. • Reduced application development time. • Data integrity and security. • Uniform data administration. • Concurrent access, recovery from crashes.

  5. Data Models • A data model is a collection of concepts for describing data. • A schemais a description of a particular collection of data, using the given data model. • The relational model of datais the most widely used model today. • Main concept: relation, basically a table with rows and columns. • Every relation has a schema, which describes the columns, or fields.

  6. Example: University Database • Conceptual schema: • Students(sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer, gpa:real) • Courses(cid: string, cname:string, credits:integer) • Enrolled(sid:string, cid:string, grade:string) • Physical schema: • Relations stored as unordered files. • Index on first column of Students. • External Schema (View): • Course_info(cid:string,enrollment:integer)

  7. Instance of Students Relation Students( sid: string, name: string, login: string, age: integer, gpa: real ) sid name login age gpa 53666 Jones jones@cs 18 3.4 53688 Smith smith@ee 18 3.2 53650 Smith smith@math 19 3.8

  8. Levels of Abstraction External Schema 1 External Schema 2 External Schema 3 • Many external schemata, single conceptual(logical)schemaand physical schema. • External schemata describe how users see the data. • Conceptual schema defines logical structure • Physical schema describes the files and indexes used. Conceptual Schema Physical Schema • Schemas are defined using DDL; data is modified/queried using DML.

  9. Data Independence • Applications insulated from how data is structured and stored. • Logical data independence: Protection from changes in logical structure of data. • Physical data independence: Protection from changes in physical structure of data. • One of the most important benefits of using a DBMS!

  10. Query Optimization and Execution Relational Operators Files and Access Methods Buffer Management Disk Space Management DB These layers must consider concurrency control and recovery Structure of a DBMS • A typical DBMS has a layered architecture. • This is one of several possible architectures; each system has its own variations.

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