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Hawaii Emergency Response and Tsunami Preparedness

This case study focuses on Hawaii's emergency response and tsunami preparedness efforts. It includes hazard and risk analysis, major natural disasters, authorities, mitigation plans, and communication systems. The goal is to minimize loss of life and property, provide for citizen safety, and ensure continuity of government.

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Hawaii Emergency Response and Tsunami Preparedness

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  1. NDMO Case Study:HAWAII, USAEMERGENCY RESPONSE AND TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS IOC Expert Missions May-August, 2005

  2. Hawaii Hazard and Risk Analysis Low Risk High Risk Hazards 0 2 4 6 8 10 Hurricane Flash Flood Tsunami Earthquake Volcano Subsidence/Landslide Urban Fire Power Failure Wild Fire HAZMAT(trans & oil spill) Drought Aircraft Incident HAZMAT(fixed) Tornado Dam Failure Radiologic(incl Marine) Civil Disorder Sharks Risk Ranking includes likelihood and effect on population and property

  3. Major Natural Disaster Fatalities in Hawaii during the 20th Century • 13 Pacific-wide tsunamis hit the Hawaiian Islands. • The three most destructive tsunamis caused a combined total of 222 deaths and hundreds of injuries: • April 1, 1946 (Aleutian Islands) • May 23, 1960 (Chile) • November 29, 1975 (Kalapana)

  4. Maximum Run-ups in Hawaii from 13 Pacific-wide Tsunamis “RUNUP” = Coastal wave heights above mean sea level, as measured by debris on shore.

  5. Hilo, April 1946

  6. Hilo, May 1960

  7. Hawaii Civil Defense System MISSION • Minimize loss of life and property • Provide for welfare & safety of citizens • Restore vital services • Provide for continuity of government • Manage resources for recovery AUTHORITIES • Federal, State laws • Governor’s Directive to lead Emergency Response

  8. Pre-Event Preparedness Mitigation Plans Information Training Education Resources Insurance Coverage Regulations Codes Legislation Comprehensive Emergency Management Response Recovery Funding Loans Grants Assistance Insurance Alert Notification Law Enforcement Fire/Rescue Medical Utilities Post-Event

  9. Hawaii Civil Defense System Federal Agencies State Agencies County Agencies Private Supporting Agencies

  10. INTERNATIONAL TSUNAMI HAZARD MITIGATION WARNING CENTER OPERATORS Pacific, Indian Ocean, Caribbean, Mediterranean Tsunami Warning Centers GLOBAL REGIONAL NATIONAL TSUNAMI SCIENTISTS University and Govt Researchers EMERGENCY MANAGERS Civil Defense Local Authorities Comprehensive Tsunami Risk Reduction Stakeholders build Tsunami Resilient Community

  11. SENSE-ing a Tsunami • TOUCH • Strong local earthquakes may cause tsunamis. • FEELthe ground shaking severely? Evacuate low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher ground! • SIGHT • As a tsunami approaches shorelines, water may recede from the coast, exposing the ocean floor and reefs. • SEEan unusual disappearance of water? Evacuate low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher ground! • SOUND • The abnormal ocean activity, a wall of water, and approaching tsunami waves create a loud “roaring” sound similar to that of a train or jet aircraft. • HEARthe roar? Evacuate low-lying coastal areas and move inland to higher ground!

  12. Emergency Communications Sirens Emergency Alert System Radios Telephones/Hotlines Wire Data Systems Satellite

  13. Statewide Siren Warning System (multi-hazard)

  14. Statewide Siren Warning System • 356 total sirens Statewide: • Kauai 47 • Oahu 176 • Maui 66 • Big Island 67 • All sirens are radio controlled. • New sirens are solar powered.

  15. How it Works(Emergency Alert System, EAS): BROADCASTERS Audio & Crawlers Audio Activated by: National Weather Service State Civil Defense County Civil Defense EAS Audio & Alarm

  16. Emergency Alert System (EAS) SCD EOC (located in Diamond Head crater) initiates public message, which transmits immediately by dedicated microwave link to designated, pre-arranged radio stations on neighbor islands for broadcast; TV broadcasts (crawlers) originate from Honolulu

  17. Telephones Governor NAWAS HAWAS SWP/HPD OCDA EOC National Guard Hotlines CINCPAC USARPAC/AUTOVON Secure Phone(STU III) Facsimile Satelllite System 60-Channel Recorder (radio & wire) Computer Notifier System After-Hours Coverage Emergency Communications - Systems tested weekly

  18. Emergency Management Data Systems STATE EOC Six Servers (Including Backup) SUN Sparc Stations (email & web site) Micron NT Servers (Office automation) FIBER OPTIC CONNECTIVITY Maui PDC Statewide Nationwide STATE DIGITAL MICROWAVE wide area network PC’s-Oahu,Kauai, Maui,Hawaii EOC’s LOCAL AREA NETWORK Workstations, Printers, Scanners, CD Rom Tower SATELLITE BACKUP, WIRELESS LINKS Connecting County EOC’s

  19. Interisland Data System Electronic Bridge State Civil Defense National Weather Service Pacific Tsunami Warning Center County Civil Defense Agencies - Kauai, Maui, Hawaii Oahu Civil Defense Agency EOC County Warning Pts (police) National Weather Service EOC State Warning Pt (police) System includes NWS satellite data & weatherfax; Network tested daily

  20. DISTANT THREAT: Aleutian Generated Tsunami 4 Hours and 20 Min Travel Time First Impact: Port Allen, Kauai (northwest island)

  21. DISTANT THREAT:Chilean Generated Tsunami 13 Hours and 36 Min Travel Time First impact: Hilo, Hawaii (southeast island)

  22. Distant TsunamiWarning & Evacuation • PTWC issues Tsunami Watch and Warning Bulletins to the State of Hawaii for distant earthquakes magnitude 7.9 or greater. • Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) activate and alert emergency response agencies. • EOC coordinate siren sounding statewide at least 3 hours before 1st wave arrival in conjunction with radio and television Emergency Alert System (EAS) broadcasts. • EOC coordinate school closures and release of government workforce within tsunami evacuation zones. • EOC prepare for disaster response operations.

  23. Tsunami Evacuation Mapslocated in the front of Telephone White Pages

  24. Oahu Bus Routes & Roadblocks • City buses along the shoreline will alter their routes and shuttle people to the nearest inland shelter. • Policewillestablish roadblocks 45 minutes prior to first wave arrival. • All emergencyresponse personnelwillcease operations and move inland to safety 30 minutes prior to first wave arrival. • Special concern in Hawaii is education of surfers – tsunamis are not surfing waves!

  25. Local Tsunami Threat:30 minutes to Waikiki, Oahu

  26. Local TsunamiWarning & Evacuation • PTWC issues an urgent tsunami warning for local earthquakes magnitude 6.9 or greater. • County Warning Points sound sirens in designated Counties (e.g. Hawaii and Maui Counties). • National Weather Service broadcasts warning and evacuation through the EAS. • EOC activate and prepare for disaster response operations.

  27. Public Safety Notification“ALL CLEAR” • PTWC will cancel the tsunami warning when destructive waves have ceased. • Search & Rescue operations commence. • County Civil Defense agencies announce “All Clear” over radio and television. No sirens will sound. • Public may return to coastlines after “All Clear” is announced.

  28. EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS: Conducting ExercisesHAWAII DISTANT TSUNAMI EXERCISE April 1, 2005

  29. PURPOSE • The statewide distant tsunami exercise will focus on Hawaii’s ability to respond to a distant tsunami from the Aleutian Islands in Alaska. • The exercise provides an opportunity for participants to review their distant tsunami response procedures and to promote emergency preparedness. • The exercise is planned by SCD with PTWC, who plays by issuing prescripted voice messages on the HAWAS and sending other electronic and hard copy messages.

  30. EXERCISE OBJECTIVES • Validate: • Warning and Communications Procedures for a distant generated tsunami. • Organizational Emergency Procedures. • Review: • Organization Procedures for Evacuation: • Inland Evacuations • Vertical Evacuations • Public Transportation • Kick off “April Tsunami Awareness Month” Public Awareness Campaign.

  31. PARTICIPANTS – all stakeholders • COUNTY: OCDA , MCDA, KCDA, HCDA & CWPs • STATE: SCD, HING, DOE, DHRD, DBEDT, SLEC, DOT • FEDERAL: PTWC, NWS, ITIC, USCG, JTF-HD, FEMA, Fed Exec Board • OTHER: ARC, HTA, HHSA, HSVOAD, PDC, CAP, HEI, Pacific Tsunami Museum, RACES, Private Industry

  32. EXERCISE SCENARIO 10:15 a.m. An earthquake greater than 8.0 magnitude occurs in the vicinity of the Alaska Aleutian Islands. 10:25 a.m. Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) issues a Tsunami Watch Bulletin for the State of Hawaii. First wave arrival to Hawaii is 4 hrs 30 mins after earthquake origin time. 11:45 a.m. Hawaii placed in a Tsunami Warning (3 hours before first wave arrival at 2:45 p.m.) Statewide siren sounding (monthly Siren System test). 2:45 p.m. First wave arrival. 3:30 p.m. End of Exercise.

  33. Exercise Planning Dates • Feb 23 Exercise Mtg (8:30 a.m.) at Radisson Prince Kuhio Hotel • Mar 29 Media Press Conference • Apr 1 Siren Sounding Statewide Tsunami Exercise For more info, contact Hawaii State Civil Defense

  34. POLICY AND PLANNINGDesign Guidance http://www.tsunamiwave.info/library/pubs/preparedness/preparedness.html

  35. EXAMPLE, HAWAII: STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION MECHANISM IMPLEMENTATION, POLICY, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND MEDIA, OUTREACH, EDUCATION

  36. HAWAII TSUNAMI TECHNICALREVIEW COMMITTEE (TTRC) • Reduce risk of tsunamis to State of HawaiiFounded 1998, meets 2x/year Funded by State & NOAA(NTHMP) • Scientists, engineers, planners, Emergency managers, public affairs personnel NOAA, FEMA, USACE, USCG, DOD, FEB, Univ. Hawai`i, Pacific Disaster Center, Red Cross, Pacific Tsunami Museum,State & Local Agencies (DOE, DBEDT, DOT, DLNR, CZM, Warning Points, Civil Defense, Tsunami advisors)

  37. HAWAII TTRC • Activities Hazard ID, Risk Assessment, Warning Guidance Awareness and Mitigation • Recent TTRC Agenda Topics • PTWC Operations Report • Runup and Inundation Modelling – Evacuation Maps • Tsunami Observer Program, Post-Tsunami Survey Plan • Multi-Level Regional Warning and Coastal Evacuation • Statewide Exercise - Local Tsunami • Public Affairs Working Group Activities (Awareness Month) • Event Response, “Expert” Contact List, Press Pool, Web • Social Science Perspectives on Tsunami Warnings • Maritime operations during tsunami events – • Ocean Currents in Harbors, Shipping ports, boating safety • Civil Air Patrol Capabilities • Working Groups: Emergency Mgmt, Scientific , Public Affairs

  38. Public Affairs Working GroupHawaii TTRCNOAA, SCD, C&C Honolulu Public Affairs OfficersITIC, Pacific Tsunami Museum, Tsunami Survivor

  39. 1986, 1994 Tsunami WarningsMedia Reports • Pacific -wide Tsunami Warnings Issued Sirens sounded, Statewide evacuations Small, non-destructive tsunamis • 1986 - mid-afternoon to pm rush hour 1994 - early morning to am rush hour • Losses 1994 (DBEDT Study) => $50M 1986 (extrapolated) => $30M 2003 (extrapolated) => $68M • Media reports shape public opinion

  40. Hawaii Tsunami Awareness Month(Organized by Hawaii TTRC PAWG) • TAM Proclamations by Governor • Recognition of Tsunami Survivors by Governor, State Legislature • Statewide Tsunami Exercise, April 1st

  41. Hawaii Tsunami Awareness MonthActivities Targeting Specific Groups • Schools • Evacuation Drills • Science and Preparedness education (safety materials, Kid Science educational videos) • Tourists • Safety ads - Waikiki Beach Press free newspaper • Workshop for Hotel Association, Labor Union and Hotel Security Reps • Minorities • Safety ads - minority publications

  42. Hawaii Tsunami Awareness MonthDistribution of Calendar of Events • Briefings of Legislature • Media Workshop (tsunamis, warning procedures) • Public Events/Displays - tsunami awareness • Talks at Public Libraries • Hawaii Public Television Kid Science Show (3 programs on tsunamis/1 hour each) • Appearances on Radio Talk Shows • Special Displays/Tours at Pacific Tsunami Museum • Public Service Announcements (text not video) • Public Open House at PTWC (Fri/Sat in April)

  43. Any Questions? Prepared by: Brian S. Yanagi Laura Kong International Tsunam Information Centre l.kong@unesco.org

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