Torque and Equilibrium

1. Torque and Equilibrium

2. Torque What exactly is torque in normal English? • Rotational effect of force. Tells how effective force is at twisting or rotating an object. tnet = I α • t = +- r Fperpendicular = r F sin q • Units N m • Sign, CCW rotation is (usually) positive Why is there a sine theta in the Torque equation!?!!??! 07

3. Question The picture below shows three different ways of using a wrench to loosen a stuck nut. Assume the applied force F is the same in each case. In which of the cases is the torque on the nut the biggest? A. Case 1 B. Case 2 C. Case 3 10

4. Question 2 The picture below shows three different ways of using a wrench to loosen a stuck nut. Assume the applied force F is the same in each case. In which of the cases is the torque on the nut the smallest? A. Case 1 B. Case 2 C. Case 3 12

5. r = 0.84 m 30 F=89 N Torque Example A person raises one leg to an angle of 30 degrees. An ankle weight (89 N) attached a distance of 0.84 m from her hip. What is to torque due to this weight? If she raises her leg higher, the torque due to the weight will A) Increase B) Same C) Decrease 17

6. y x Equilibrium • A rod is lying on a table and has two equal but opposite forces acting on it, one on each end. What is the net force on the rod? A) Up B) Down C) Zero • Will the rod move? A) Yes B) No F F 21

7. Equilibrium • Conditions for Equilibrium • S F = 0 Translational EQ (Center of Mass) • St = 0 Rotational EQ • Can choose any axis of rotation…. Choose Wisely! 25

8. d 50 cm 19.6 N 9.8 N Example: Equilibrium A meter stick is suspended at the center. If a 1 kg weight is placed at x=0. Where do you need to place a 2 kg weight to balance it? 25

9. Question The picture below shows two people lifting a heavy log. Which of the two people is supporting the greatest weight? 1. The person on the left is supporting the greatest weight 2. The person on the right is supporting the greatest weight 3. They are supporting the same weight 33

10. Example: hanging beam A 40kg uniform beam is being supported by two ropes. What is the tension in each rope? 2m 40kg 3m

11. 3 meter 1 meter 1 meter B A 20kg Example: painter A painter of mass 50kg uses two supports and a plank of mass 20kg as a platform to paint his house.How far to the right of support B can the painter stand before the plank tips? Just before board tips, force from A becomes zero 47

12. 3 meter 1 meter 1 meter B A 20kg Example: continued

13. Example: falling beam If the right rope breaks, what is the initial angular acceleration of the beam? 2m 40kg 3m

14. Example: Rolling • An hoop with mass M, radius R, and moment of inertia I = MR2rolls without slipping down a plane inclined at an angle  = 30o with respect to horizontal. What is its acceleration? • Consider CM motion and rotation about the CM separately when solving this problem I M R  29

15. y f x Mg  Rolling... • Static friction f causes rolling. It is an unknown, so we must solve for it. • First consider the free body diagram of the object and use • In the x direction • Now consider rotation about the CMand use =I M R  33

16. Rolling... • We have two equations: • We can combine these to eliminate f: I A M R  36

17. Summary • Torque = Force that causes rotation • tnet = I α • t = F r sin q • Work done by torque W = t q • Equilibrium • S F = 0 • S t = 0 • Can choose any axis. 50