1 / 112

CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7. A VIEW OF THE CELL. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES. YOU WILL IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS. YOU WILL IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. YOU WILL RELATE THE STRUCTURE OF THE PARTS OF THE CELL TO THE PARTS OF ITS STRUCTURE. Section 7.1.

davidmking
Download Presentation

CHAPTER 7

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHAPTER 7 A VIEW OF THE CELL

  2. CHAPTER OBJECTIVES • YOU WILL IDENTIFY THE PARTS OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS. • YOU WILL IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURES OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE. • YOU WILL RELATE THE STRUCTURE OF THE PARTS OF THE CELL TO THE PARTS OF ITS STRUCTURE.

  3. Section 7.1 The discovery of cells

  4. Objectives • Relate advances of microscope technology to discoveries of cells and cell structure. • Compare the operation of a compound light microscope with that of an electron microscope. • Identify the main ideas of the cell theory.

  5. Review vocabulary • Organization: the orderly structure of cells in an organism.

  6. New vocabulary • Cell • Compound light microscope • Celltheory • Electronmicroscope • Organelle • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • Nucleus

  7. Before microscopes…. • People believed that diseases were caused by curses and supernatural spirits.

  8. Untilthefirstmicroscopewasdiscovered.

  9. ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOCK1600´S

  10. Simple light microscope because it contained one lens and used light to view objects.

  11. Compound light microscope • Uses a series of lenses to magnify objects in steps.

  12. The cell theory

  13. Robert Hooke • He lived at the same time than van leewenhock did. • He used a compound light microscope to study the dead cells of oak bark.

  14. Oak bark cells • He named them ¨ cells¨ because they remind him of the cells where he used to live in the monastery.

  15. Cells • Cells are the basic unit of life.

  16. The cell theory • All organisms are composed of one or more cells • The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms. • All cells come from pre-existing cells.

  17. Allorganisms are composed of oneor more cells

  18. Thecellisthebasicunit of structure and organization of all living organisms.

  19. Allcells come from pre-existingcells.

  20. Electronmicroscope1930´S • MAGNIFIED 500,000 TIMES THE ACTUAL SIZE OF THE CELL!

  21. Electron microscope

  22. TWO BASIC CELL TYPES • PROKARYOTES • bacteria • EUKARYOTES • Fungi • Humans • plants

  23. Prokaryotes

  24. Eukaryotes • A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. • HUMAN CELLS, PLANTS AND FUNGI CELLS

  25. Eukaryotes • All living organisms are composed of cells. A eukaryotic cell is a cell with a nucleus, which contains the cell's chromosomes. Plants, animals, protists, and fungi have eukaryotic cells.

  26. Eukaryotic Membranes • Eukaryotic cells include large amounts of membrane, which enclose the cell itself and surround each of the organelles. The membrane surrounding the cell is termed the plasma membrane. Membranes are bilayered structures, made of two layers of phospholipid.

  27. Prokaryotes • Comprising the bacteria and cyanobacteria, characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes.

  28. KARYOTE= NUCLEUS • EU= TRUE • PRO= BEFORE

  29. PROKARYOTE

  30. Organelle • A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.

  31. Nucleus • A large, membrane-bound, usually spherical protoplasmic structure within a living cell, containing the cell's hereditary material and controlling its metabolism, growth, and reproduction.

  32. Robert Brown • Observed that eukaryotic cells contain a prominent structure.

  33. Rudolf Virchow • He determined that the structure that Robert Brown described was the NUCLEUS.

  34. Cytoplasm: plasma of the cell • Mitochondria: power house • Vacuole: post office

  35. SECTION 7.1 QUIZ • Describe the history of microscopes and evaluate their impact in the study of cells. • How does the cell theory describe the levels of organization of living organisms? • Compare the light microscope with the electron microscope. • Describe the differences between a prokaryotic and an eukaryotic cell and identify their parts. • Suppose you discovered a new type of plant. Applying the cell theory, what can you say for certain about this organism?

  36. Section 7.2 THE PLASMA MEMBRANE

  37. OBJECTIVES • Describe how a cell´s plasma membrane functions. • Relate the functions of the plasma membrane to the fluid mosaic model.

  38. Review vocabulary • Ion: am atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative electrical charge

  39. New vocabulary • Plasma membrane • Selective membrane • Phospholipid • Fluid mosaic model • Transport protein

  40. Plasma membrane • All living cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have a plasma membrane that encloses their contents and serves as a semi-porous barrier to the outside environment.

  41. SCHOOL´S WEB PAGE: • www.burnhamwood.schoolfusion.us

  42. homework • Describe what is the function of each of labeled parts of the plasma membrane.

  43. The plasma membrane is permeable to specific molecules, however, and allows nutrients and other essential elements to enter the cell and waste materials to leave the cell. Small molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, are able to pass freely across the membrane, but the passage of larger molecules, such as amino acids and sugars, is carefully regulated.

  44. FLUID MOSAIC MODEL • According to the accepted current theory, known as the fluid mosaic model, the plasma membrane is composed of a double layer (bilayer) of lipids

More Related