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Evolution

Explore Darwin's Theory of Evolution, including natural selection and the concept of common descent. Learn how organisms vary, compete for resources, and adapt to their environment, leading to the emergence of new species over time. Discover the principles of artificial selection and the interconnectedness of all organisms through a single tree of life.

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Evolution

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  1. Evolution

  2. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution 1. Individual organisms in nature differ from one another. Some of this variation is inherited. Natural variation – differences among individuals of a species

  3. Darwin also saw that when humans choose organisms with specific characteristics as breeding stock, they are performing the role of the environment • This is called artificial selection • Example of artificial selection in plants: five vegetables derived from wild mustard

  4. Example of artificial selection in animals: dog breeding English springerspaniel German shepherd Golden retriever Hundreds tothousands of yearsof breeding(artificial selection) Yorkshire terrier Mini- dachshund Ancestral dog

  5. 2. Organisms in nature produce more offspring than can survive. Leopard Frog

  6. 3. Because more organisms are produced than can survive, members of each species must compete for limited resources.

  7. 4. Because each organism is unique, each has different advantages and disadvantages in the struggle for existence. Peppered Moths

  8. 5. Individuals best suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. The characteristic that make them best suited to their environment are passed on to offspring. Individuals whose characteristics are not as well suited to their environment die or leave fewer offspring.

  9. 6. Species change over time. This is natural selection. Over long periods of time, natural selection causes changes in the characteristics of a species, such as in shape and form. New species arise, and other species disappear.

  10. 7. Species alive today have descended with modifications form species that lived in the past. African wild dog Jackal Fox Thousands tomillions of yearsof natural selection Fox Coyote Wolf Ancestral canine • These five canine species evolved from a common ancestor through natural selection

  11. 8. All organisms on Earth are united into a single tree of life by common descent. C A is more closely related to B than to C B A

  12. Phylogenetic Tree – Hand out Phylogenetic Tree and Homologous Structures Worksheet Let's work together! 1. Which two modern organisms are likely to be most closely related? 2. What was the most recent common ancestor of organisms 2 and 3? 3. Now do this one on your own. Then complete the rest of your worksheet.

  13. The End!!!

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