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The Trail of Tears: Jackson's Responsibility Examined

This study explores Andrew Jackson's role in the Trail of Tears, including his support for Indian removal policies. Delve into primary sources like "The Cherokee Nation’s Appeal" and Jackson's statements on removal to assess his culpability. Learn how the Cherokee resisted, the legal battles they faced, and the tragic Trail of Tears under Martin Van Buren's presidency. Uncover the complexities of this dark chapter in American history.

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The Trail of Tears: Jackson's Responsibility Examined

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  1. Aim #26: To what extent was Jackson responsible for the Trail of Tears? Do now! Read “The Cherokee Nation’s Appeal to the American people” and the excerpt from Andrew Jackson regarding Indian removal

  2. Background: As the population grew in the 1700s,, the colonists pushed farther west into the territories occupied by the American Indians.

  3. Inevitably, this movement led to clashes over land.

  4. How did the Proclamation of 1763 attempt to solve this problem? Was it successful?

  5. CHEROKEE INDIAN REMOVAL TIMELINE

  6. Questions: • 1. Describe what objects you see in the cartoon. • 2. What is the cartoonist’s point of view? How can you tell?

  7. (I) Why did Jackson support a policy of Indian removal? a. Policy was to move Indians to lands west of the Mississippi River b. Claimed it was opportunity to provide for the needs of the white farmers and businessmen. c. He also claimed that removal was also in the best interest of the Indians. Why?

  8. (II) How did some tribes try to avoid removal? a. Adopted farming life style b. Began to receive formal education c. Had own written language d. Established their own newspaper (Cherokee Phoenix)  based on their own system of writing created by Sequoyah (pictured below)

  9. (III) Indian Removal Act of 1830 • federal agents misled tribal leaders into signing removal treaties with the government. • b. It authorized relocation of Indians to the west • c. Some tribes resisted violently, others like the Cherokee used legal means.

  10. (IV) CHEROKEE INDIAN CASES • Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1830) • Supreme Court ruled it lacked jurisdiction to hear the case • b. Worcester v Georgia (1832) • Court ruled that Georgia could not remove Cherokee from their lands. • 2. Jackson: “John Marshall has made his • decision, now let him enforce it.”

  11. V. Trail of Tears • Jackson’s successor, Martin Van Buren, sent the military to enforce Cherokee removal • b. Trail of Tears • 1. 4,000 Cherokees die in camps along trail to Oklahoma

  12. ARTIST’s RENDERING OF THE “TRAIL OF TEARS”

  13. “I fought through the Civil War and have seen men shot to pieces and slaughtered by the thousands, but the Cherokee removal was the cruelest work I ever knew.” Georgia Soldier involved in removal process

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