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Depreciation

Learn about the importance of depreciation in asset valuation and its impact on income tax consequences. Explore depreciation models such as straight line and MACRS, as well as cost and percentage depletion methods.

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Depreciation

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  1. Refers to decrease in value of an asset w/time Important for 2 Reasons: Info must be provided to shareholders Income tax consequences(our main concern) Depreciation

  2. Thus, depreciation(D) reduces taxes by an amt equal to depreciation times the tax rate For example, depreciation of $10,000 for a company in the 40% tax bracket will reduce taxes by $4,000 Tax Consequences Income taxes are calculated as follows: Taxes =(Income – Deductions)*Tax rate Depreciation is one of the dedn’s for businesses

  3. Two common ones: Depreciation Models Straight line (still used abroad for tax purposes) MACRS( Only one allowed in US for tax purposes)

  4. P - SV Example: A certain machine has a D = n first cost of $20,000 with a $5,000 salvage value after 5 years. Find D BV = P - mD and BV after 3 years. Where: D= Depreciation P= First cost SV = Salvage value n = Life BV = Book value m = Year Straight Line Solution: D3 =(20,000–5,000)/5 = $3,000 BV3=20,000 – 3(3,000) = $11,000

  5. D = P*d BVn = P - ΣD Where d = Depreciation rate from Table Example: For an asset with P=$20,000 , SV=$5,000 ΣD = Sum of depreciation thru yr n and n = 5, find the depreciation & book value for yr 3. MACRS Depreciation Solution: D3= 20,000*0.1920 = $3,840 BV3 = 20,000 - 20,000(0.20+0.32+0.192) = $5,760

  6. Two types of depletion:Cost & Percentage Cost depletion: Multiply factor by amt of resource removed Where: factor, Pt = First cost / Resource capacity Depletion Depletion applies to non-renewable assets(like natural resources) Percentage depletion: Multiply income by % from Table

  7. Example: A silver mine purchased for $2.5 million is expected to yield one million ounces of silver. Determinethe depletion charge in a yr when 300,000 ounces are mined and sold for $5.00 per ounce by (a)Cost depletion, and (b) Percentage depletion Depletion Example Solution: (a) Pt = 2,500,000 / 1,000,000 = $2.50 per ounce Cost depletion = 2.50(300,000) = $750,000 (b) Percentage depl = 300,000(5.00)(0.15)= $225,000

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