Myrtati Dyah Artaria myrtati@gmail Dept. Anthropology

1. Global MobilityPossible Consequences in the Spreading of Infectious Diseases and the Prevention through Social-Cultural Approach Myrtati Dyah Artaria myrtati@gmail.com Dept. Anthropology Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia

2. Background • Global mobilization is affecting all aspects of human around the world, including the spread of disease • Disease may affect the wellbeing and the economic status of an individual • Some diseases are now not only the result of poverty, but have been contributing to poverty

3. Halting and reversing the spread of infectious disease required greater access to prevention services and treatment, care and support • It is estimated that in the next 40 to 50 years infections will become even more of a problem • This rise is due to several factors, one of them is the increase in global travel.

4. How to overcome? • Mass media • However, they must be well planned and tested • Prevention and treatment strategies should be integrated within existing social, cultural and religious frameworks, • working with religious leaders as key collaborators, and • provision of appropriate healthcare resources and infrastructure

5. Problems of AI in Indonesia • Avian flu as a bio-social and bio-political challenge for Indonesia than merely an epidemiological challenge

6. Culture • is the foundation and core of any economic and social transformation • A cultural approach should be adopted • in all development strategies, programs and projects

7. Cultural Approach • populations’ cultural references and resources • ways of life, value systems, traditions and beliefs, and the fundamental rights of persons • key references in building a framework for strategies, policies and project planning, • resources and basis for building relevant and sustainable action

8. Objectives • Fighting the expansion of the virus • Identify cultural factors and resources, which play an important role in the expansion of the virus • Promoting cultural and behavior change • Erasing local habit that support the expansion of the virus • Promoting participatory processes and community support in fighting the spread of virus

9. Methods • Inteviews and indepth interviews to several stakeholders: • Local doctors • The head of the district • Government Officers • Teachers • Common people • The research took place in Surabaya, East Java

10. Findings Low level of education, poverty, some cultural norms and habits, have contributed to the rise of the pandemic. • Some people in East Java consider even chicken as pets • local practice is not very easy to change • pride of owning certain kind of birds • Hand-washing habit is not present • Spitting in public places

11. Regulation alone will not change behaviors • Factors affecting adherence to proper procedures is rooted in individuals' behavior • hand cleansing patterns are most likely established in the first 10 years of life • The lack of hand washing promotes the spread of food-borne illnesses

12. Info through Internet Television Radio Leaflets Agents of Change Doctors Nurses Teachers Head of Village Head of District “Karang Taruna” (Youth) leaders “Kyai” (Islamic religious leaders)

13. Socialize: • 1. Getting rid of the infected birds, by burning them • 2. Vaccinate the healthy birds

14. Socialize: To the High risk group (farm people, bird vendors) • a. Washing hands using disinfectant, bathing after working  • b. Avoiding direct contact with infected birds • c. Wearing protecting apparels (masks and working clothes). • d. Don’t bring the working cloth home. • e. Cleaning the bird’s drop everyday. • f. Immunize the high risk group

15. Socialize: The common people: a. Maintaining health by eating nutritious food and having adequate rest. b. The right way to cook chicken: - choose a healthy chicken - no sign of sickness on the chicken - cooking the chicken for 1 minute in ±800C temperature c. Cooking the eggs for 4.5 minutes in ±640C temperature.

16. The Department of Health • Socializing the danger of AI • Investigating the workers in farms, and vendors • closely monitor the people who are infected by the virus

17. The Department of Health • Building networks with many stakeholders to educate the society • Increasing the coordination and integration with other departments • Working together with The Agriculture Department and the Regional Department

18. Recommendations • Peer education at schools, interactive learning and communication • Identifying more of cultural features/references and resources, including religious, spiritual, ethical values, taboos, which interact significantly in preventing or expanding Avian Flu Virus • Promoting awareness, sense of responsibility, mutual respect, reviewing cultural traditions and references in order to achieve cultural and behavioral change

19. Recommendations For children and young people to socialize healthier behavior using more interesting media • fun advertisement on TV, • children play, • story telling, • games, • interactive learning, and • internet

20. Hand washing Wearing mask No spitting Nutritious and balance food Food and taboos & social status Pregnancy and taboos Childrens’ food and taboos Sanitary and habits Religion and cleanliness “Being clean is part of Islamic faith” Topics for cultural and behavioral change