Plagiarism

1. Plagiarism Unacknowledged borrowing of ideas, facts, phrases, wordings, or whole words in a paper (from books, on-line, or any other source), as well as the copying of another student’s work all constitute plagiarism and are unacceptable in the university community. Students turning in plagiarized work may receive a failing grade for the essay or for the entire course. It is standard policy that any form of plagiarism be reported to the University and recorded. Also, all papers turned in will be submitted to www.turnitin.com to check for authenticity as well as any other means necessary. For more information, see the university policy on plagiarism in your student handbook, or ask me. We will also be discussing this topic more in class. **DANGER - - DANGER – DANGER**

2. How to Avoid Plagiarism: In Text Citation Basic Rules on In-Text Citation for MLA 1. Generally, MLA follows the author / page # in parenthesis style for citations in the text (Smith 7). 2. If you refer to the author, Smith, in the text, you can just put the page # in parenthesis at the end of the sentence or clause (7). 3. In text citation should be used any time you are referring to a text, even if it is paraphrasing without quotation. 4. If there is no author, use a shortened version of the title in quotation marks with a page number.

3. In Text Citation [Continued] Basic Rules on In-Text Citation for MLA 1. If using two texts by the same author, use a shortened title instead. 2. If multiple authors, use the first author listed and then et al. (Stephens, et al. 47). 3. If from a web site, use one of the following – whichever is available: 1. Author 2. Title of Article 3. Title of Page 4. For film – use Director or Film Title depending on availability. 5. Common knowledge does not need to be cited.

4. Unacceptable Paraphrases **DANGER – DANGER – DANGER** Sample paragraph: The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade. Here’s an UNACCEPTABLE paraphrase that is plagiarism (Why?): The increase of industry, the enlargement of cities, and the explosion of the population were three large factors of America in the 1800’s. As steam-drivencompanies became more visible in the eastern part of the country, they changed farm workers into factory workers and provided jobs for the large wave of immigrants. With industry came the enlargement of large cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived which turned into centers of commerce and trade as well as production. (Words in red were changed from the original).

5. Unacceptable Paraphrases **DANGER – DANGER – DANGER** The preceding passage is considered plagiarism for two reasons: 1. The writer has only changed around a few words and phrases, or changed the order of the original’s sentences. 2. The writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or facts (Though it would still be plagiarism even if there was a citation).

6. Unacceptable Paraphrases **DANGER – DANGER – DANGER** Sample paragraph: The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide of immigrants. With industry came urbanization the growth of large cities (like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived) which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade. Here’s an ACCEPTABLE paraphrase: Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the US, they found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and large urban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and commercial centers (Williams 1). Why is this passage acceptable?

7. Unacceptable Paraphrases **DANGER – DANGER – DANGER** Why is this passage acceptable? This is acceptable paraphrasing because the writer: 1. Accurately relays the information in the original uses her own words. 2. Lets her reader know the source of her information.

8. Unacceptable Paraphrases **DANGER – DANGER – DANGER** Here’s an example of quotation and paraphrase used together, which is also ACCEPTABLE: Fall River, where the Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the nineteenth century. As steam-powered production shifted labor from agriculture to manufacturing, demand for workers “transformed farm hands into industrial laborers,” and created jobs for immigrants. In turn, growing populations increased the size of urban areas. Fall River was one of these hubs “which became the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade” (Williams 1). Why is this passage acceptable? This is acceptable paraphrasing because the writer: 1. Records the information in the original passage accurately. 2. Gives credit for the ideas in this passage. 3. Indicated which part is taken directly from her source by putting the passage in quotation marks and citing the page number.

9. Strategies for Avoiding Plagiarism 1. Put in quotations everything that comes directly from the text especially when taking notes. 2. Paraphrase, but be sure you are not just rearranging or replacing a few words. Instead, read over what you want to paraphrase carefully; cover up the text with your hand, or close the text so you can’t see any of it (and so aren’t tempted to use the text as a “guide”). Write out the idea in your own words without peeking. 3. Check your paraphrase against the original text to be sure you have not accidentally used the same phrases or words, and that the information is accurate.

10. What is Common Knowledge? Common knowledge: facts that can be found in numerous places and are likely to be known by a lot of people. Example: John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States in 1960. This is generally known information. You do not need to document this fact. However, you must document facts that are not generally known and ideas that interpret facts. Example: According the American Family Leave Coalition’s new book, Family Issues and Congress, President Bush’s relationship with Congress has hindered family leave legislation (6).The idea that “Bush’s relationship with Congress has hindered family leave legislation” is not commonly known; consequently, you need to cite your source.

11. Rules for your Works Cited Page Basic Rules 1. Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper. 2. Label the page Works Cited (do not italicize the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks) and center the words Works Cited at the top of the page. 3. Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries. 4. Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations five spaces so that you create a hanging indent. 5. All entries should be listed in Alphabetical order

12. How to Write your Works Cited Page In general, a Works Cited should include: Authors’ names, Titles of the works Names and location of the company that published your copies of the sources Dates your copies were published Page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)

13. Specific Cases for Your Works Cited Page A works cited page is a list of all of the sources you have used in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include: 1. Authors’ names (Last Name, First). 2. Titles of the works (If Book, then Italics, If Article, put in Quotes) 3. Names and location of the company that published your copies of the sources (italics). 4. Dates your copies were published. 5. Volume #, Page #s. In general, the works are arranged in the above order. In the following slides, we’ll look at specific examples.

14. Citing Books and Periodicals A Book: Author (Last name, First Name). Title of Book in Italics. Location: Publisher, Year. Dories, Jeff. How to Fail an English Course. Indiana, PA: Indiana University of Pennsylvania Publishing, 2010. A Magazine: Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Gaga, Lady. “How to Wear Almost any Food and Look Fabulous.” Time 20 Nov. 2010: 70-71. Web.

15. Citing Scholarly Journal Articles Scholarly Journal: Author(s). “Title of Article.” Title of Journal Volume.Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. Bieber, Justin. “Chaos Theory, Ecocriticism, and Singing like a Teenage Girl.” Teenage Heartthrobs, Physics, and the Humanities Vol. 1 Issue 1 (2010): 21-27. Web 20 September 2010.

16. Citing Web Pages / Videos Film: ---- Name of film (in italics). Dir. Director. Distributor, Year. Title of website (in italics). Web. Date of access.Meat Shoveling: An Art form perfected by a vegetarian. Director: Jeff Dories. Meaty Films. Youtube.com . Web. 12 September 2012. ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------- Web Site: Author. “Title of Page”. Title of Web Site. Publisher (if Available). Date Written. Date Accessed. “The Pat Story: Collecting Dog Poop, but Okay with it as Long as I can Relax”. WorldsofCulture.Wordpress.com . English Publishing. September 2011. 18 Sept. 2007.

17. Plagiarism – Don’t Do it! Questions? Unsure? Check with me before due date:J.S.Dories@iup.edu