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Prof. Rommel Anthony Palomino Department of Computer Science and Information Technology

Introduction to Programming <Lecture 2>. Spring 2011. Prof. Rommel Anthony Palomino Department of Computer Science and Information Technology. Number Systems and Conversions. 0010 0000 0001 0010 . 2 3. 2 2. 2 1. 2 0. 2. 0. 1. 2. 0000. Number Systems and Conversions.

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Prof. Rommel Anthony Palomino Department of Computer Science and Information Technology

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  1. Introduction to Programming <Lecture 2> • Spring 2011 Prof. Rommel Anthony Palomino Department of Computer Science and Information Technology

  2. Number Systems and Conversions • 0010 0000 0001 0010 23 22 21 20 2 0 1 2 0000 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  3. Number Systems and Conversions • Numbers can be represented in many ways • There exist many Numeral System or ways to represent numbers. • Their representation depends on something called BASE • BASE - 1 is the maximum number you can represent using a single digit. • Base 10  Max number using single digit = 10 – 1 = 9 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  4. Number Systems and Conversions • The most well known numeral system is the Decimal System. The one you use everyday. • Base 10 • It consist of 10 elements from 0-9. • Besides decimals, there exists others such as: • Binary: Base 2. Uses 2 elements. 0 to 1 • Octal: Base 8. Uses 8 elements. 0 to 8. • Hexadecimal: ???? Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  5. Number Systems and Conversions • Hexadecimal: Uses up to 16 digits. • From 0 to 15 ??? Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  6. Number Systems and Conversions • Hexadecimal: Uses up to 16 digits. • From 0 to 15 ??? FF16 = 25510 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  7. Conversion: Decimal to Binary • Method: • Continuously divide the number by 2 • get the remainder (which is either 0 or 1) • get that number as a digit of the binary form of the number • get the quotient and divide that number again by 2 • repeat the whole process until the quotient reaches 0 or 1 • we then get all the remainders starting from the last remainder, and the result is the binary form of the number • NOTE: For the last digit which is already less than the divisor (which is 2) just copy the value to the remainder portion. Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  8. Conversion: Decimal to Binary • Example • Convert 15010 to Binary • Solution: 10010110 = 150 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  9. Conversion: Binary to Decimal • Method: • we multiply the binary digit to "2 raised to the position of the binary number" • We then add all the products to get the resulting decimal number. Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  10. Conversion: Binary to Decimal • Example • Convert 111001012 to Decimal 0: 1 2: 4 5: 32 6: 64 7: 128 • Solution: 229 Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  11. Conversion: Binary to Hexadecimal • Method: • Partition the binary number into groups of 4 digits (from right to left) • pad it with zeros if the number of digits is not divisible by 4 • convert each partition into its corresponding hexadecimal digit Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  12. Conversion: Binary to Hexadecimal • Example • Convert 111001012 to Hexadecimal • Solution: Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  13. Programming Fundamentals Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  14. Introduction to Java • The original motivation for Java • The need for platform independent language that could be embedded in various consumer electronic products. Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  15. Introduction to Java • The Java technology is: • A programming language • A development environment • An application environment • A deployment environment Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  16. Introduction to Java • As a development environment, Java technology provides you with a large suite of tools: • A compiler • An interpreter • A documentation generator, etc Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  17. Java Features • Some features of Java: • The Java Virtual Machine • Bytecode • Garbage Collection Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  18. Java Features • Java Virtual Machine (JVM) • an imaginary machine that is implemented by emulating software on a real machine • provides the hardware platform specifications to which you compile all Java technology code Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  19. Java Features • Bytecode • a special machine language that can be understood by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) • independent of any particular computer hardware, so any computer with a Java interpreter can execute the compiled Java program, no matter what type of computer the program was compiled on Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  20. Java Features • Garbage collection thread • responsible for freeing any memory that can be freed. This happens automatically during the lifetime of the Java program. • programmer is freed from the burden of having to deallocate that memory themselves Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  21. How a Java Program works? Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  22. Exercise • Write a flowchart for • How to answer and end a phone call in your Cellphone Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  23. Questions? Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

  24. For Next Class • We will do our first Java Program and will learn how to use our Programming Environment Rommel AB Palomino - UDC Spring 2011

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