WORKSHOP OVERVIEW

1. WORKSHOPOVERVIEW 1. MAJOR TROPICAL LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 2 (i). BEST METHODS (POLICY, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES) TO ENHANCE ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2 (ii). MAJOR SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS THAT LIMIT THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE

2. TOPIC 1. MAJOR TROPICAL LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES • Genericproblem • Being able to predict where hydrological impacts of land use • changes matter to key stakeholders. • Key elements of the problem • Biophysical • Managing the impact of LU and forest change (aff- and de-) to • ensure adequate dry season flows. • Lack of hydrological knowledge of the functioning of cloud forests. • Lack of hydrological knowledge of the functioning of riparian • zones (incl quantification of benefits). • Defining the impacts of LU change on groundwater recharge • and quality management.

3. TOPIC 1. MAJOR TROPICAL LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES (cont.) • Determining the impact of large scale forest fires. • Inadequate understanding of response times between LU • activities and sediment production and transfer. • Lack of knowledge of water use efficiency of different trees • and crops. • Lack of performance indicators for assessing the condition and • quality of catchment outputs and ecosystem health. • Inadequate techniques to account for cumulative watershed • impacts at different levels from headwater catchments to meso and • macro scale basins (relevant to planning and management units). • Inadequate understanding of hydrogeomorphic processes that • prevent planners from identifying critical catchments and catchment • areas where LU change is likely to lead to adverse WS impacts.

4. TOPIC 1. MAJOR TROPICAL LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES (cont.) • Economic • Inadequate understanding of downstream costs and benefits of • particular LUactivities. • Inadequate mechanisms for equitable sharing of costs and benefits. • Conflicting perceptions about the cost effectiveness of RIL. • Institutional • Inadequate understanding of social and institutional drivers leading • to degradation of hydrological functions, eg. poverty, tenure. • Lack of application of existing knowledge to improve the soil • and water management associated with forest LU activities. • Inadequate methodologies for the classification of forested • watersheds to identify where watershed changes may limit forest • growth, food production or other in situ or downstream activities.

5. TOPIC 1. MAJOR TROPICAL LAND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS RELATED TO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES (cont.) • Inadequate institutional structures, procedures and experience to • ensure effective stakeholder involvement in watershed planning • and management (including monitoring). • Lack of standardised approaches to data collection (in both • traditional and emerging areas such as remote sensing) and data • archiving and management (including methodology, institutional • commitment and resources). • Policy • Inadequate understanding of generalised responses to LU changes. • Lack of (or inability to do) scenario forecasting (where it matters). • Inability to formulate effective policy due to imprecise • knowledge and high levels of scientific uncertainty. • Lack of institutional mechanisms to communicate with different • policy audiences.

6. TOPIC 2(i). BEST METHODS (POLICY, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES) TO ENHANCE ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT • Policy • Develop pluralistic planning frameworks to ensure transparency and equity by involving key stakeholders in planning, resource allocation and resource management. • Develop strategic alliances at different levels between the • scientific community and policy makers, resource managers and • key advocacy groups such as NGOs and land holders--HELP, • local watershed councils, etc. • Create improved incentive structures so that polluters internalise • the costs that result from their actions, downstream users • pay the full cost of the watershed benefits they receive, and • catchment landholders/managers are recompensed for the • environmental services they provide.

7. TOPIC 2(i). BEST METHODS (POLICY, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES) TO ENHANCE ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) • Tools and techniques • Develop catchment classification/typologies to enable spatial • pattern analysis that can help interested parties understand the • future consequences of today’s decisions, including identification of • critical catchment areas and key linkages between watershed • condition and public health. • Use available stakeholder analysis techniques and participatory • management tool kits to guide watershed planning and management. • Develop performance indicators to assess the condition and • quality of catchment outputs, ecosystem health and the adequacy • of management practices.

8. TOPIC 2(i). BEST METHODS (POLICY, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES) TO ENHANCE ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) • Develop interdisciplinary, client orientated systems research • strategies to support adaptive management and close information • gaps in key problem areas such as managing dry season • flows, understanding the functioning of cloud forests, riparian • zones and the water use efficiency of different trees and crops. • Develop effective decision support systems (and extension • services)so that interested parties (at all levels) have access to • contemporary research results and soundly based best-practice • guidelines. • Establish and maintain a strategic network of research and • demonstration watersheds to ensure the availability of reliable • long-term reference data that will allow the testing and use of new • methods, and the demonstration and validation of best practice.

9. TOPIC 2(i). BEST METHODS (POLICY, TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES) TO ENHANCE ECOLOGICALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (cont.) • Extend strategic alliances to support interdisciplinary education • and capacity building in watershed management and research. • Priority should be given to knowledge management to overcome • language barriers that currently inhibit information sharing in • tropical developing countries. • Ensure that technological innovations, such as improvement in • rainfall forecasting using remote sensing, are available to • practitioners in developing countries with training, maintenance • and quality assurance support.

10. TOPIC 2(ii). MAJOR SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS THAT LIMIT THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE • Institutional and disciplinary barriers to communication, • development of shared understandings and collaboration. • Inadequate transparency and lack of opportunities for multi- • stakeholder dialogue and collaboration. • The disjunct between natural watershed boundaries and • administrative, tenurial and political boundaries. • The inaccessibility and/or unavailability of best-practice • knowledge to policy makers and resource managers. • Language barriers (most information is in English and not well • known in other language areas). • Human capacity in management, research, extension and • education due to inadequate training, lack of a critical culture and • opportunities for transfer of new and existing knowledge.

11. TOPIC 2(ii). MAJOR SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS THAT LIMIT THE APPLICATION OF KNOWLEDGE (cont) • Inappropriate governance and corruption by vested interests. • Lack of, or inappropriate incentives, particularly for poor • stakeholders with insecure livelihoods.