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E=mc 2

E=mc 2. In nuclear reactions, energy can be converted into mass and mass into energy. Fission: splitting an atom (WWII Bomb) Fusion: joining atoms (how the sun makes energy ). Mass Defect and Binding Energy. The total mass of a nucleus is always less than the mass of its individual nucleons.

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E=mc 2

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  1. E=mc2 In nuclear reactions, energy can be converted into mass and mass into energy. Fission: splitting an atom (WWII Bomb) Fusion: joining atoms (how the sun makes energy)

  2. Mass Defect and Binding Energy • The total mass of a nucleus is always less than the mass of its individual nucleons. • The difference is called the mass defect • The missing mass is converted into energy (binding energy) that holds the nucleons together. • The amount of energy the mass is converted into is given by Einstein’s equationE=mc2

  3. Binding Energy/Mass Defect E=mc2 Find the amount of energy that a proton would produce if it was totally converted into energy. E=(1.67x10-27)(3x108)2=1.503x10-10 J

  4. Binding Energy/Mass Defect E=mc2 A nitrogen isotopeas a nucleus whose mass is 15.0001 u. Find the mass defect and binding energy Mass of a proton = 1.0078 u Mass of neutron = 1.0086 u 7 x 1.0078 = 7.0546 u 8 x 1.0086 = 8.0688 u Total Mass = 15.1234u Mass defect= 0.1233 u Binding E = 0.1233u x 931MeV/u Binding E = 114.7923x106 eV It has 7 protons and 8 neutrons

  5. Alpha (α) Decay Alpha decay is one process that unstable atoms can use to become more stable. During alpha decay, an atom's nucleus sheds two protons and two neutrons in a packet that scientists call an alpha particle. Since an atom loses two protons during alpha decay, it changes from one element to another. For example, after undergoing alpha decay, an atom of uranium (with 92 protons) becomes an atom of thorium (with 90 protons).

  6. Some particle names Alpha Beta Gamma Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium

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