Discovery Science

1. Discovery Science Concept 2.1 pp. 24

2. Discovery Science begins science inquiry • Describes Nature. • Careful observations & data collection • Inquiry- starting point for exploring life. • Observing and asking questions. • Observations-5 senses used to gather info. • Data- recorded observations / information • Qualitative data-descriptive using 5 senses • Includes writing, photographs, drawings etc. • Quantitative data-measurements (metric) • Organized and reliable

3. Examples of Discovery Science: • Jane Goodall’s chimpanzee research. • Fleming’s discovery of Penicillin. • “Chance favors the prepared mind” • Inferences • Definition- a logical conclusion based on observations. • May use prior knowledge. • Difference between an observation and an inference. • Examples:

4. Generalizations-a general conclusion • Based on many similar observations. • Demo- T28 • General patterns in large sample populations. • Graphs make it easier to visualize. • Results in “breakthroughs” • Discovery Science- begins science inquiry • Hypothesis Based Science- attempts to explain.

5. Hypothesis Based Science Concept 2.2 pp. 30

6. Hypothesis-based Science-Causes and Explanations • Scientific Method- sequence of steps used to solve problems/ answer questions. • Steps do not have to be followed exactly. • Key element is the hypothesis. • Hypothesis- suggested answer to a scientific question. • Based on past experience + knowledge • Instinctive, used to solve everyday problems. • Need to be testable.

7. Scientific Method

8. Hypotheses- • Not just proposed, but tested. • Additional observations and experiments. • Based on the hypothesis a prediction is made. • Prediction- the “If…, then” statement. • Figure 2-11- Flashlight example • Case Study- Mimicry- • Hypothesis- “Mimics benefit because predators confuse them with the harmful species.” • Key to testing – controlled experiment.

9. Controlled Experiment • An experiment that tests a single variable. • Variable- A condition that can differ in an experiment. • Brown colored snakes were the control. • OnLine Activity 2.2- what was the control? • Other variables need to be eliminated. • Examples of other variables.

10. Mimicry Flowchart.

11. Collecting Data • Organizing and Analyzing Data. • Tables and Graphs • Reveal patterns • Conclusions- • Does the data fit the prediction? • What happens if the data does not support the hypothesis? • Revise the hypothesis.

12. Concept 2.3 • Evidence- Collected body of data from observations and experiments. • Repeatable makes it scientific. • Science requires repeatable observations and testable hypotheses. • Limited to natural causes for natural phenomena. .

13. Theory- well tested explanation that takes into account a great variety of scientific observations. • Gives rise to many hypotheses that can be tested. • Broader is scope than a hypothesis. • Example- Adaptations such as mimicry evolve by natural selection. • Theory is accepted once it is supported by extensive body of evidence.

14. Models- • Tools used by scientists. • Diagrams, 3-D, Graphs, Flowcharts. • Technology- Science applied for a specific purpose.