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Warm Up 12/3

Warm Up 12/3. The type of deformation in which the object permanently changes size and shape without fracturing is called ____. a. stress deformation c. brittle deformation b. elastic deformation d. ductile deformation Folding is usually the result of ____.

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Warm Up 12/3

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  1. Warm Up 12/3 • The type of deformation in which the object permanently changes size and shape without fracturing is called ____. a. stress deformation c. brittle deformation b. elastic deformation d. ductile deformation • Folding is usually the result of ____. a. tensional stresses c. shear stresses b. compressional stresses d. faulting • Which of the following combinations should favor folding rather than faulting? a. high temperature and high confining pressure b. high confining pressure and low temperature c. low confining pressure and low temperature d. high temperature and low confining pressure Answers: 1) d. 2) b. 3) a.

  2. Types of Mountains Chapter 11, Section 2

  3. Mountains • Orogenesis – the collection of processes that produce a mountain belt • Mountains are classified by the dominant processes that have formed them.

  4. Major Physiographic Provinces of the U.S.

  5. Landforms of the U.S.

  6. Folded Mountains • Mountains that have formed primarily by folding are called folded mountains • Compressional stresses are the major force that forms folded mountains • Thrust faulting is also a major component in folded mountains, which are often called fold-and-thrust belts • Examples: the Appalachians, the northern Rocky Mountains, and the Alps

  7. Folded Mountains

  8. Fault-Block Mountains • Large-scale normal faults are associated with structures called fault-block mountains • The mountains form as large blocks of crust are uplifted and tilted along normal faults • As the crust is stretched, a block called a graben, which is bounded by normal faults, drops down • Grabens produce an elongated valley bordered by relatively uplifted structures called horsts • Examples: Teton Range (Wyoming), Sierra Nevada, and the Basin and Range Province

  9. Grabens and Horsts

  10. Sierra Nevada Mountains

  11. Proposal for Formation of the Basin and Range Province

  12. Basin and Range Province

  13. Concept Check • What is a horst? • A horst is an uplifted block bounded by normal faults.

  14. Domes and Basins • Broad upwarping in basement rock may deform the overlying cover of sedimentary strata • When upwarping produces a circular or elongated structure, the feature is called a dome • The oldest rocks of a dome form the core of the mountains • Downwarped structures having a circular shape are called basins • Large basins usually contain sedimentary beds sloping at low angles, the basins are usually identified by the age of the rocks composing them (youngest form the center)

  15. Black Hills – Domed Mountains

  16. Black Hills, South Dakota

  17. Michigan Basin

  18. Concept Check • Where are the oldest rocks found in a dome? • In the center or core of the dome.

  19. Assignment • Read Chapter 11, Section 2 (pg. 314-316) • Do Section 11.2 Assessment #1-6 (pg. 316)

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