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Operations Management

Operations Management. Class 20 Tuesday 11/8/11. Operations Management (OM). The development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services. Key Operations Management Terms. Manufacturing

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Operations Management

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  1. Operations Management Class 20 Tuesday 11/8/11

  2. Operations Management (OM) • The development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services

  3. Key Operations Management Terms • Manufacturing • The activities and processes used in making tangible products; also called production • Operations • The activities and processes used in making both tangible and intangible products

  4. Manufacturing • “…manufacturers…perform the same basic function: to transform resources into finished goods.” • Operations Management: • Production Planning • Production Control • Quality Control

  5. Planning:Production Method Decisions • Make-To-Order • Mass Production • Mass Customization

  6. Facilities Decisions • Site Selection • Close to suppliers, customers, or both • Supply of skilled workers • Quality of life • Resource costs • Business climate • Infrastructure Issues • Tax issues • Capacity Planning • Layout Planning

  7. The Transformation Process

  8. Layout • “…how equipment, machinery, and people will be arranged to make the production process...efficient...”

  9. Process Layout

  10. Product Layout

  11. Cellular Layout

  12. Managing the Supply Chain Purchasing Management Inventory Control Management Routing and Scheduling Distribution Management

  13. Purchasing • Procurement • Buying the right items • Obtaining desired quality • Buying the right quantity • Paying the lowest price • Obtaining inventory at the right time

  14. Purchasing And Supplier Selection • Purchasing • Supplier Selection • E-Purchasing • Electronic Data Interchange

  15. Managing Inventory • Three basic types of inventory: • Finished-goods inventory • Work-in-process inventory [WIP] • Raw materials inventory

  16. Inventory Control Process • Determines how many supplies and goods are needed, and keeps track of: • Quantities on hand • Where each item is • Who is responsible for it

  17. Inventory Management Approaches • Economic order quantity model (EOQ) • Identifies the optimum number of items to order • Just in time inventory management (JIT) • Uses smaller quantities of materials that arrive “just in time” • Material-requirements planning (MRP) • Schedules the precise quantity of materials needed to make the product

  18. Routing and Scheduling • Routing • The sequence of operations through which a product must pass • Work Scheduling • The assignment of required tasks to departments or specific machines, workers, or teams • Gantt charts • Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

  19. Gantt Chart

  20. PERT Chart

  21. Hypothetical PERT Diagram for Making a McDonald’s Big Mac

  22. Technology OfGoods Production • Computer-Aided Design • Computer-Aided Manufacturing • Computer- Integrated Manufacturing • Flexible Manufacturing Systems

  23. Managing Quality • Quality Control • The process an organization uses to maintain its established quality standards • Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award • Total Quality Management (TQM) • Statistical Process Control [SPC] • ISO 9000

  24. Total Quality Management (TQM) • To regain a competitive edge, a number of firms have adopted a total quality management approach • Uniform commitment to quality in all areas of the organization will promote a culture that meets customers’ perceptions of quality

  25. Quality ManagementOr Assurance- TQM • Customer Satisfaction • Employee Involvement • Continuous Improvement • Statistical Process Control • Benchmarking • International Quality Standards • ISO 9000 • ISO 14000

  26. Establishing Standards—ISO 9000 • Designed to ensure consistent product quality under many conditions • Provides a framework for documenting how a certified business keeps records, trains employees, tests products, and fixes defects • Inspection • Sampling

  27. Inspection • Purchased items and finished items • To determine what the quality level is • Work-in-process • To find defects before the product is completed so that necessary corrections can be made

  28. Sampling • Whether to inspect 100 percent of the output or only part of it is related to • The cost of the inspection process • The destructiveness of the inspection process • The potential cost of product flaws in terms of human lives and safety

  29. Operations Management in Service Businesses • Service providers use human and mechanical processes to provide products that are intangible • The transformation process requires inputs such as employees, equipment and supplies • Outputs provide a benefit from a performance, event or type of involvement with the service provider • Approximately 80% of the U.S. economy is based on the service industry

  30. Service Provider Decisions • What services/goods to offer? • How provide services? • Where to locate business and what will it look like? • How to forecast demand for services?

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