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A Review of Equality Issues in Education Provision. Tony Gallagher Queens University November, 2008. Outline. Institutional barriers Curriculum Social disadvantage Gender Religion Minorities, new and old What is education for?. Issue 1: Slicing and dicing –
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A Review of Equality Issues in Education Provision Tony Gallagher Queens University November, 2008
Outline • Institutional barriers • Curriculum • Social disadvantage • Gender • Religion • Minorities, new and old • What is education for?
Issue 1: Slicing and dicing – the institutional barriers we put between children
Issue 2: ‘what did you learn in school today, dear little child of mine’
Curricular differentiation • ‘For the most part, pupils attend school largely because of their religious orientation and performance in the transfer test … rather than on the basis of their needs, interests and aptitudes for the particular type of curriculum these schools offer’ • NFER review of the Key Stage 3 curriculum
Issue 3: the lottery of circumstance – winners and losers
Leavers with less than one good GCSE by FSME status, 2006/07
Free School Meal Entitlement (FSME) and Special Education Needs (SEN), all post primary schools 2007/08
Free School Meal Entitlement (FSME) and Special Education Needs (SEN), grammar schools 2007/08
Free School Meal Entitlement (FSME) and Special Education Needs (SEN), secondary schools 2007/08
Issue 4: boys will be boys and girls will be … successful?
Performance gap, Girls (+) & Boys (-),leavers with 5+ good GCSEs, 1963/4 to 2006/7
Issue 5: denominational differences
Performance gap, Catholic (+) & Protestant (-) schools,leavers with 5+ good GCSEs, 1986/7 to 2006/7
Performance gap, Catholic (+) & Protestant (-) schools,leavers with 2+ A Levels, 1986/7 to 2006/7
Secondary school performance by FSME, 2002/03(red=Catholic, white=Protestant)
Secondary school performance by FSME, 2002/03(red=Catholic, white=Protestant)
Issue 6: minorities old and new
Key Stage 3 performance: % of pupils achieving expected levels (5 or above)
Number of pupils with English as an additional language in NI (source: DE)
Issue 7: so, what is education (actually) for?
Postman (1996)what every good teacher should know • Rights of Man (Paine) • Declaration of Independence • US Constitution • Democracy in America (de Tocqueville) • Gettysburg Address • Emancipation Proclamation • The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn • The Scarlet Letter • Democracy and Education (Dewey) • John F Kennedy’s Inaugural address • Martin Luther King’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech
Northern Ireland:what every teacher should know European Declaration on Human Rights; Universal Declaration of Human Rights; The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child – especially Articles 12, 13, 14 & 29; Speeches of John Hume and David Trimble when they accepted the Nobel Peace Prize, 1998 ; Terence O’Neill ‘Ulster stands at a crossroad’ speech, December 9, 1968; Bill Clinton’s speech at Belfast City Hall or at Mackies Factory, November, 1995; Ian Paisley’s ‘Never, never, never’ speech, City Hall, November 1985; Bernadette Devlin’s maiden speech in the House of Commons, April 1969; Martin Luther King's ‘I have a Dream’ speech; ‘To the warriors’, speech by Colonel Tim Collins RIR, March 19, 2003, in Iraq; Orr's 'Donegore Hill'; The Chief Rabbi's address on the occasion of the first UK Holocaust Memorial event – 01/2001; Pearse’s Funeral Oration for O’Donovan Rossa; BBC History website on the Troubles in NI; CAIN website; Tape of the BBC Legacy programme ; McKittrick et al., Lost Lives, Mainstream ; Lewis, Helen: A Time to Speak, Blackstaff; Connolly, Paul et al.: Too young to notice? 2002, Belfast, Community Relations Council; McCann, Eamonn. (1993) War and an Irish Town (3rd ed.). London: Pluto.; McKay, Susan. (2000) Northern Protestants: An Unsettled People. Belfast: ; Blackstaff Press.; Connor, Fionnuala. (1993) In Search of a State: Catholics in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Blackstaff Press.; Stewart, A T Q. (1989) The Narrow Ground: the Roots of the Conflict in Ulster. London: Faber; Harris, Rosemary: Prejudice and Tolerance in Ulster Manchester University Press; Estyn Evans, E: Irish Folk Ways; Mandela, Nelson: Long Walk to Freedom; Murray, Dominic: Worlds Apart, Belfast, Appletree; Freire, Paulo: Pedagogy of the Oppressed; Solway, David: The Turtle Hypodermic of Sickenpods; 12th century Papal Bull 'Laudabiliter'; the writings of Giraldus Cambrensis ; A Tapestry of Beliefs - Christian Traditions in NI - Norman Richardson (1998); The Secret History of the IRA - Ed Maloney; Chains to be broken - R Eames (1992); Irish Unionism 1885 – 1923, by P Buckland; The Lion handbook to the Bible; Neil Postman, The End of Education; The Diary of Anne Frank; Barrit, DP and Carter CF (1972) Northern Ireland: a study in group relations, OUP.; Samuel Ferguson 'A dialogue between the heart and head of an Irish Unionist'; The Ulster Covenant (1912); The Declaration of the Irish Republic (1916); The Good Friday Agreement (1998); Orwell, George: Animal Farm; Golding, William: Lord of the Flies; Craig, Patricia (Ed), Stereophonic visions (chapter in The Oxford Book of Ireland); Chang, J: Wild Swans. Three Daughters of China; McLaverty, Bernard: Cal; Moore, Brian: The Lonely passion of Judith Hearne; Bateman, Colin: Divorcing Jack; 'An Branar gan Cur', by Breandan O Doibhlin To Kill a Mockingbird - Harper Lee; Endgame - Samuel Beckett; Of Mice and Men - John Steinbeck; The Old Man and the Sea - Ernest Hemingway; Equus - Peter Shaffer; The Catcher in the Rye - J.D. Salinger; Observe the sons of Ulster marching towards the Somme; Ourselves Alone & The Long March & After Easter - by Anne Devlin; Northern Star & Spokesong & other plays - by Stewart Parker; Dockers - by Martin Lynch; A night in November – Marie Jones; The Playboy of the Western World by J.M. ; John Bull's Other Island by Bernard Translations by Brian Friel ; Hewitt, John: No rootless colonist; Frost, Robert: The Road less Travelled; Heaney, Seamus: Digging; Heaney, Seamus: Death of a Naturalist; On Ballycastle Beach - Medbh McGuckian; The Cattle Rustling - by James Simmons; The Ballad of HMS Belfast by Ciaran Carson Selected Poetry by W.B Yeats 'Poems of the Dispossesed' edited by Ó Tuama; The Tain - Translated by - Thomas Kinsella; The Bardic Syntactical; The Brehon Laws and The Ulster Cycle.; An Dibirt go Connacht; Garrison Keillor's story, "Meeting Donny Hart at the bus-stop"; Jonathon Swift's 'A Modest Proposal,1729; A transcript of the McCarthy commission in the USA during the 1950s (to remind people of how bad it can get!); McPherson Report (1999); Daniel Corkery, The Hidden Ireland; The Star of the County Down, played by Van Morrison and the Chieftains; A Child of Our Time (oratorio by Michael Tippett)