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Genetics

Explore chromosome types and alterations, DNA structure, cell cycle phases, and chromosomal mutations. Learn about genetic disorders like Down Syndrome and cancer-causing deletions and duplications.

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics Review and Alterations

  2. Terminology • Chromosome: types, number • Haploid, Diploid • Gene, Allele, Loci • Homozygous, Heterozygous • Karyotype, Phenotype, Genotype • Carrier, Dominant, Recessive • Nucleic Acids, Base Pairs • Replication: DNA, mitosis, meiosis • Protein Synthesis • Transcription • Translation

  3. Chromosome Pairs in Species

  4. Chromosome Types

  5. Chromosome #: Long to Short

  6. Human Karyotype

  7. Chromosome Arms and Centromere

  8. Homologous Chromosomes

  9. Allele and Loci

  10. Homozygous and Heterozygous

  11. Phenotype and Genotype

  12. Carrier, Dominant, Recessive

  13. Chromosome structure

  14. Chromosome vs Chromatin

  15. Looped Domains and Chromatin

  16. Histones and Nucleosomes

  17. DNA

  18. DNA structure

  19. Gene • 1.5% of Genome • DNA base pairs (~ 100,000) • Encode a product (protein, tRNA, rRNA) • Responsible for a measurable trait • Introns • Exons

  20. DNA Base Pairs

  21. Nucleoside

  22. DNA Replication

  23. Cell Cycle Review

  24. Mitosis

  25. Meiosis

  26. Mitosis and Meiosis Compared

  27. Meiosis I: Normal

  28. Non Disjunction

  29. Chromosome Disorders • Chromosome Number • Euploid (2N) • Polyploid (exact multiple) • Triplody (3N) • Tetraplody (4N) • Anueploid (not exact multiple) • Trisomic (n + 1) • Autosomes • Down’s Syndrome • Sex Chromosomes • Klinefelter • Monosomic (n-1) • Sex Chromosome • Turner • Mosaics (not all cells affected) • Somatic • Gonadal

  30. Anaphase

  31. Extra Chromosomal Disorders

  32. Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

  33. Anueploid

  34. Structure Break and reassemble abnormally Inversion Translocation Insertion Deletion Duplication Chromosome Abnormalities

  35. Inversions

  36. Translocations

  37. Translocation in Meiosis

  38. Insertions and Deletions

  39. Insertion

  40. Deletion • 1, 2, or 3 base pairs are deleted • Frameshift reading

  41. Chromosome Deletions

  42. Deletion example

  43. Prader-Willi / Angelman Syndromes

  44. Cancers caused by Deletions

  45. Wilms Tumor

  46. Duplications • Doubling section of genome • Unequal Crossing over • Multiple repeats of nucleotides

  47. DNA section duplicated • Huntington’s • CAG repeated • Fragile X • CGG repeated • MD • CTG repeated

  48. Chromosomal Mutation Summary

  49. DNA Transcription

  50. Transcription Steps

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