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Understanding the Cell Cycle: Key Stages and Checkpoints

Delve into the intricacies of the cell cycle, from G1 to mitosis, exploring how cells grow, divide, and regulate their functions. Learn about the importance of checkpoints and how disruptions can lead to conditions like cancer.

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Understanding the Cell Cycle: Key Stages and Checkpoints

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  1. Ch. 5.1- Cell Cycle Cell Cycle and Cancer Cells

  2. Stages of the cell cycle • 4 stages • Gap 1 (G1) • Synthesis • Gap 2 (G2) • Mitosis • A cell won’t proceed through the cycle until it’s ready • Prevents errors (cancer)

  3. Gap 1 (G1) • First stage of cell cycle • Cell carries out its normal function • Skeletal cells contracts to move joints • Adrenal cells secrete hormones • Intestinal cells absorb nutrients, etc. • Cells increase in size & organelles increase in number • Cells must pass critical checkpoint before proceeding to DNA synthesis

  4. Synthesis (S) • Second stage • Synthesis=“combining of parts to make a whole” • Cell makes a copy of its nuclear DNA • Contains 2 complete sets of DNA by end of the S stage

  5. Gap 2 (G2) • Third stage • Continues to carry out normal functions • Additional growth occurs • Another critical checkpoint to ensure adequate cell size and that DNA is undamaged.

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  7. Mitosis (M) • Fourth stage • Includes 2 processes • Mitosis= division of the nucleus and its contents • Cytokinesis= division of the cytoplasm • Results in 2 genetically identical daughter cells

  8. Cells divide at different rates • Aligned to your body’s need for those cells • In human cells: S, G2, and M stages together take about 12 hours • Cell division is greater in children than adults • Their cell cycles are also shorter • Certain cells, such as neurons and lymphocytes, divide rarely • Usually in G0 stage

  9. Exit Slip • Ch. 5.1 assessment pg. 137 • # 1, 2, 3, 5, & 6 • MUST BE IN COMPLETE SENTENCES AND YOUR OWN WORK!

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