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Housing Marketization Reform and Social Class

This study examines the extent to which China's urban housing system has become a function of social class differentiation during market transition. It explores the distribution of housing among different social classes and investigates whether cadre or managers have greater access to housing.

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Housing Marketization Reform and Social Class

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  1. Housing Marketization Reform and Social Class LI, Yu Survey Research Laboratory, Institute of Sociology, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai, China; LU, Hanlong Institute of Sociology, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai, China

  2. Housing Distribution in Market Transition • The changing mechanisms during the market transition • Market transition debate • market transition theory • power persistence theory • House inequality • Market societies • Commodity • Class phenomenon • State redistributive societies • Welfare item • Majority people vs. elites • Inequality between work-units

  3. Social class in Housing Marketization Reform • Research Question: • To what extent has China’s urban housing been transformed into a system in which housing distribution is a function of social class differentiation? • Who got more? • Cadre vs. manger

  4. Housing Marketization Reform • Three phases • Pilot experiment : 1978-1991 • Double track: 1992-1998 • Full marketization: 1999 – (Li & Yi 2007)

  5. Data • Residential relocation and urban restructuring: A Multi-city study of urban China • Shanghai 2005/6 • Urban area • 2000 cases • Housing history data

  6. Variables and Measurement • Measuring House inequality • Chance to get a house • House size • House quality • Index1 • Toilet (have=1, share / no =0) • Kitchen (have=1, share / no =0) • Balcony (have=1, share / no =0) • Index2 • Yearof house built (after 1990=1) • Location: (central area=1) • House type (townhouse, apartment=1) • Value of the house

  7. Variables and Measurement • Social Class • Cadre: • High & Middle rank officials in Gov. & Non-Profit Institution (Chu & above) • Mangers in SOE • High-rank Mangers in State-Owned Enterprises • Mangers in market sector • Professional • Routine non-manual • Skilled manual worker • Non-skilled manual worker

  8. Variables and Measurement • Control variables • TVCs (Time Varying Covariates) • Age & Age square • Work-Unit type • Government agency & Non-profit institution • State/Collective enterprise (Reference group) • Market Sector • Family size • Marriage status (Married =1) • Location of the house (central area=1) • Others (Not TVC) • Education (year of schooling) • Party Membership (CCP=1) • Hu Kou (Migrants=1)

  9. Preliminary Result

  10. Cox regression on getting a house

  11. OLS Regression of housing size (Ln)

  12. OLS Regression of housing Quality index1

  13. OLS Regression of Housing Quality index2 • Social Class

  14. OLS regression of Current House Value (Ln)

  15. Conclusion • housing inequality in full-Marketization phase • Clear pattern • Hierarchy of social occupational class • inconsistent results on who get more • Both get rewarded • Cadre < manger ? • More careful analysis is needed

  16. Q & A

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