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Metaphors in Science

Metaphors in Science. 8 th Int. Grade Science. Science Metaphors. The Earth is like a “Ball”. The Wetlands are like a “Sponge”. Chemical Bonding is like a “Magnet”. What is a Metaphor ?. Same words & phrases in creative ways to explain things to one another.

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Metaphors in Science

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  1. Metaphors in Science 8th Int. Grade Science

  2. Science Metaphors • The Earth is like a “Ball”. • The Wetlands are like a “Sponge”. • Chemical Bonding is like a “Magnet”.

  3. What is a Metaphor ? • Same words & phrases in creative ways to explain things to one another. • Encourages the listener to think - more creative or strange it is - more interesting it is. • More direct & uses less words to describe things. • Establishes a relationship of likeness. • Fills in the Gaps in language, could be used to create new meanings to difficult new concepts.

  4. Metaphor Uses Common & well understood experiences for complex & abstract information. • Lectures, creative writing, reviewing information, & to teach new difficult concepts. • Everyday conversation uses of at least 4 metaphors per minute. • Many are “hidden” or “embedded” into our language. • Prompts original thoughts, creative thinking.

  5. Wetlands Metaphor Antelope Island & the Great Salt Lake are surrounded by Wetlands that are very Valuable (“Priceless”) to the area. (Wetland Metaphor Handout / Video)

  6. “Quiet as a Mouse” “Red as a Cherry” “Strong as a Tree” “Round like a Ball” (Engine running) (Santa’s Nose) (Elephant’s Leg) (Earth) Commonly Used Metaphors - 1

  7. Science Common Metaphors - 2 • “Acts like a Sponge” (Wetlands) • “Clear as Glass” (Atmosphere) • “Formed like a Snowball rolling down a hill” (Oolitic Sand) • “Slippery like Ice” (Electrons on Copper Wire) • “Stuck-Up” - doesn’t need anyone (Noble Gases) • “Magnetic Connections” (Chemical Bonding)

  8. Metaphor Types • Visual Aid – Object • Visual Drawing – Cartoon / Picture • Written Metaphor – Poem / Story • VerbalMetaphor – Saying / Phrase • Acting / Role Playing – Synectics / Games

  9. Metaphor Transfer • Taking a Familiar or Common Trait and used it to describe a New Ideas or Form of Information. • Matching Similarities between Things • Making Emotion Connections • Use Language at Learners Level • Develop Common Uses & Descriptions • Add Creativity

  10. Characteristics of Metaphors Metaphors should include: • Vividness • Compactness • Expressibility (Andrew Ortony)

  11. Designing Metaphor Examples Similarities to: • Structure / Style • Uses / Performance • Habits / Work • Size • Color • Material • Relates to another Concept / Idea

  12. Visual Metaphors Uphill Wavelength • Words • Objects • Posters • Signs • Cartoons • Picture

  13. Written Metaphor • Puns / Play on words • Descriptive Adjectives • Rhyming / Poetry • Sequencing • Humorous • Abstract • Similarities • “Sayings” “Masterpiece” / “Acorn” / “Mountain” Articles

  14. Verbal Metaphors • Computer works like a “Brain” • Nervous System looks like a “Tree” • Solar Systems looks like a “Mobile” • Eyes work like an “Camera” • Birds “Zipper” up their Feathers

  15. Role Playing Metaphors Synectics - Uses ANALOGIES • Process: • Be Creative – New ideas, music, inventions • Self Expressive & Personal • Add Emotional Connection • Must be Understandable • Connections between Old & New Knowledge • Creative Analogies: • Personal Expressions • Acting Out Concepts, Objects, etc…

  16. Synectics Analogy Samples Create an “Analogy” with these topics. Act it out. • “A Car Engine is like ………..” • “Erupting Volcano is like ………..” • “Electricity flowing through a wire is like ………..” • “Chemical Explosion is like ………..” • “Roller Coaster Ride is like ………..” • “Computer Processing is like ………..” • “Television is like ………..” • “Old Shoe is like ………..”

  17. Teacher Objectives • Teacher will demonstrate visual styles, written, visual aids, games, and role play uses for metaphors in learning new science concepts. • Teacher will give example notes and picture reviews using visual metaphors. • Teacher will instruct the students on the steps and designs to create metaphors in science. • Teacher will give evaluations and feedback to students progress and completed projects.

  18. Teacher Instructed Demonstrations Metaphoric Examples: • Sample Visual Aids • Picture Page Reviews • Games of “Win, Lose, and Draw” / “Charades” • Role Playing - Synectics • Chemistry Demonstrations • Sayings, Vivid Descriptions Final outcome: • Student Created Visual Aids – Metaphoric Projects

  19. Student Objectives • Students will be introduced to new concepts and terms in this Chemistry unit. • Students will create new “visual aids” or/and written metaphors examples that could be used to explain other key science concepts or terms in Chemistry. • Students will learn to write and connect metaphors to new terms and concepts in the Chemistry unit with applied knowledge from their English Metaphor unit.

  20. Student Objectives - con’t • Students will use visualaids to experiment writing metaphors and brainstorming connected to science concepts. • Students will demonstrate their metaphoric knowledge by participating in Role Playing and “Win, Lose, and Draw” games as teams. • Students will design a Metaphor form that explains a Concept in Science. • Student’s Metaphors will be used for teaching and reviewing a concept.

  21. Project Assignment Select 1 Metaphor Type to design: • “Picture Page” - Review Handout • “Picture Notes” - Teaching Handout • “Poster Illustration” - Poster • “Visual Aid”– Model or Object • “Game” – “Win, Lose, or Draw” or “Password” • “Written Saying” – Mnemonics • “Role Playing” – Synectics / Charades

  22. Metaphor Assignment • Finding Out the Definition / Concept • Brainstorming all the Possibilities you can use • “Play” with you ideas – Finalize on one • Design the connections • Develop a metaphor form to illustrate the new concept. (Chose 1 form) • Present metaphor to Class

  23. BrainstormingConcept Mapping Ideas Venn Diagram – Similarities / Differences • Different Large Cats – like Lions have a male leader and female hairium • Like a Cheetah the mother does the raising of the offspring's (single parent) Concept Mapping – Webbing • Connections to concepts

  24. Student Motivation • Peer Review / Peer Recognition • Peer Support – “Scaffolding” • Competition • Challenge / Competition • Positive Feedback • Candy / Rewards • Grade / Teacher Recognition • Zone of Proximal Learning

  25. Final Assessments • Peer Understanding of Created Metaphors • Participation in Activities / Discussions • Pop Quizzes / Test • Research / Brainstorming / Concept Mapping activities • Creation of a Metaphor for a Concept • Rubric for Metaphor Project • Self Assessment

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