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Understanding Petroleum Systems: Exploration and Migration

Explore the fundamentals of petroleum systems, from source rock formation to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Learn how to identify potential traps using seismic stratigraphy and well logging in oil and gas exploration.

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Understanding Petroleum Systems: Exploration and Migration

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  1. Petroleum Systems – basic components • Source rock – originally a fine-grained sediment rich in organic matter (a few % or greater) • Buried and heated – organic compounds break down, which yield hydrocarbons • Increase in pressure forces fluid hydrocarbons out of source rocks (primary migration) • Buoyant hydrocarbons migrate upward along permeable pathways (secondary migration) • Hydrocarbons are trapped by an impermeable barrier permitting their accumulation within a reservoir

  2. Petroleum Systems

  3. OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION • Use of stratigraphic principles • Identify source beds (organic-rich mudrocks) • Oil and gas have low density, migrate along permeable pathways upwards until trapped

  4. OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION • Explore by: • Seismic stratigraphy – to identify potential traps and migration pathways • drill holes, but these only give local picture • well logging, measures physical characteristics, e.g. permeability, lithology, fluid type • See text figs 22.6, 22.7 • many wells = correlation

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