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Wireless Networking Technologies: What will the future bring? What can we do about it?

Explore the current state and future trends in wireless networking technologies, including novel physical layer technologies and the need for new protocols. Discover the challenges and opportunities in achieving a seamless, ubiquitous wireless network.

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Wireless Networking Technologies: What will the future bring? What can we do about it?

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  1. Wireless Networking Technologies:What will the future bring?What can we do about it? Srikanth Krishnamurthy, Guru Parulkar, Mart Molle, Vana Kalogeraki, Michalis Faloutsos

  2. The Grand Vision • We want wireless everywhere • Need system/network integration • Bridging the gap: challenges and opportunities • Innovative new enabling technologies (Software Radios) Applications Middleware Networking Embedded Systems Physical

  3. We Are Not There Yet

  4. Goal of This Talk • What do we see in wireless? • Current state and future trends • Novel physical layer technologies • New possibilities require new protocols • What are the issues in networking? • Increased layer interaction, integration

  5. Thoughts on the role of wireless in tomorrow’s world Some of the thoughts/figures are from Prof. Ted Rappaport’s (UT Austin) presentation. (http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~wireless)

  6. PAN Home Net Cellular Enterprise Network Internet Sensor Universal Network A Universal Network: The Ultimate Convergence

  7. Applications: What Do We Foresee ? • A ubiquitous service: • Always connected • Everywhere connected • The Cellular, PC and PDA become one • New gadgets emerge: glasses as screen • All devices talk to each other • Computers, earphone, thermostat, TV • Seamless connectivity • High data rates are desirable and needed

  8. Applications and Requirements • Continual access to information • Ease of use: plug and play • Entertainment: • Distributed Games (billion dollar industry) • Virtual reality - Virtual worlds • Enhanced reality: merging virtual and real

  9. Current Trends • 1 Billion to 2 Billion wireless users by 2008. • Abundance of new technologies • Bluetooth, WLAN, Radio, Infrared, UWB • Wireless LAN technologies for office and in-building applications (up to 54Mb/s) • Verizon + Qualcomm: 2Mbs to cellphones

  10. What is the State of the Art? • 802.11g can provide up to 54 Mbps for Wireless LAN applications • Cellular technologies are mature although we have the “Can you hear me now?” problem • Ad hoc and Sensor network research is in full gear – prototypes from various groups

  11. Limitations of current technologies • Not much work on integration of technologies – some work is being done by certain groups (example: Lucent). • Cross layer technologies are yet to be developed. • Software radio/MIMO capabilities are emerging but there is no mature network research on how to exploit the presence of these radios.

  12. What Are the Main Challenges? • Capacity • Current narrow band technologies do not facilitate emerging applications • Solution: Emerging Radio Technologies, MIMO • Availability / Coverage • Availability of services and access to resources • The “Can you hear me now ?” problem • Solution: Integration of Cellular, Wireless Local Loops, Ad Hoc and Sensor Network Technologies. • Related: scalability, ease of use, security

  13. Goal of This Talk • What do we see in wireless ? • Current state and future trends • Novel physical layer technologies • New possibilities require new protocols • What are the issues in networking? • Increased layer interaction, integration

  14. Emerging Radio Technologies

  15. How do we increase data rates ? • We need to increase network capacity • Emerging technologies that can help: • Reuse space: smart antennas, MIMO • Reduce interference: Ultra Wide Band Radio (IEEE 802.15) • Maintain flexibility: Software Radio technologies – FPGAs

  16. Regime of different emerging radio technologies Ultra Wide Band Radios Low Power, High Bandwidth Bandwidth Flexible Operation Range; Use of Cross Layer Technologies to determine parameters LANs 802.11 Range Of Data Rates Range Of Power Levels MIMO Device Equipped, Software Defined Radio Equipped Need novel protocols Traditional Cellular And RF Technologies Higher Range Narrow band Sensors: Low Power; Small Range; Low Bandwidth Transmission Range Energy Efficiency

  17. What MIMO Brings to the Table? • Multiple Input Multiple Output or smart antennas: • Multiple antenna elements + sophisticated signal processing • Enable spatial reuse: • Enhance signal strength in a desired direction and annul signals from interferers.

  18. Ultra Wide Band • Use of increased bandwidth  very short pulses that traverse small distances. • This in turn can reduce possibility of interference.

  19. What Does UWB Provide? • Transmission • Short range • Short in time • Thus, • Less spatial interference • Less probability of overlap • This reduces contention

  20. What is Software Radio? • Radio whose functionalities are in software. • Modulation • Codes • Frequency band • Functionalities can change and adapt to environment, scenario, or new app needs

  21. How do software radios help? • Flexibility: Ability to exploit what is available. • Adaptability: deploy novel techniques easily - updating software is easier

  22. Goal of This Talk • What do we see in wireless ? • Current state and future trends • Novel physical layer technologies • New possibilities require new protocols • What are the issues in networking? • Increased layer interaction, integration

  23. What is needed to close the gap?

  24. Universal Connectivity: One Network • Omni-present hi-bandwidth service requires multiple technologies • Infrastructure based networks can connect ad hoc pockets of connectivity (Negreponte) • Integration must be seamless. • Application/Environment specific optimizations • One size does not fit all!

  25. Cross Layer Protocol Design • Higher layers must be aware and exploit lower layers • Traditionally: a clear layer separation • Higher layers cannot use lower layer features • Lower layer feedback is not available to higher layers • Design of appropriate APIs between the various layers • Simple Example : Application need is high bandwidth – use little error correction at physical layer – choose a route with robust links at the routing layer.

  26. Need for Ease of Use: Plug and Play • Things should work! • Totally transparent to the user • Need for self-configuration • challenges in access control, routing, addressing, security • How do we ensure an inter-device “universal language” for identification?

  27. New Business Models • The traditional question: Who pays whom? • New question: who collaborates with whom? • We need for incentives, accounting. • Will community-based approaches work?

  28. Security Challenges • Security is a critical issue. • Ad hoc and sensors: baby steps • Location and authentication • Security is in direct conflict with: • High bandwidth capabilities • Scalability

  29. We want wireless everywhere • Need system/network integration • Bridging the gap: challenges and opportunities • Innovative new enabling technologies (Software Radios) Applications Middleware Networking Embedded Systems Physical This is a Great Opportunity • Both DARPA and NSF have funding initiatives • Industry Interest exists: • Intel, Telcordia, Qualcomm

  30. Where Do We See UCR’s Advantage • We have strength at the right places • Physical layer • Embedded systems / Architecture • Wireless Networking • Collaboration will maximize the impact

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