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Groupthink Theory: History, Conditions, and Ways to Prevent Negative Outcomes

Explore the history and assumptions of groupthink theory, including conditions that promote high affiliation and homogeneity. Learn about symptoms and ways to prevent negative outcomes through vigilant decision-making processes. Discover weaknesses and limitations of the theory.

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Groupthink Theory: History, Conditions, and Ways to Prevent Negative Outcomes

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  1. To Know from Kramer & Dougherty (2013) • Examples of times groupthink (bad) was present, but outcomes weren’t necessarily • Ways this occurred & how avoided neg. outcomes • Ways the ex’s could easily have had neg. results • Potential for pos, neg, or ambiguous outcomes

  2. History of Groupthink Theory

  3. Assumptions • Conditions in grps promote high • “We” instead of “I” 2. Grp problem solving is mostly • Affiliative constraints - • Homogeneity - 3. Grps & decision-making are complex • Antecedent Conditions - • Symptoms -

  4. Symptoms • Concurrence seeking • Overestimation of group • Illusion of • Belief in • Closed-Mindedness • Collective rationalization (ignore warnings) • Pressure toward • Illusion of • Self-appointed

  5. Ways to Prevent • Engage in vigilant decision-making process • Janis recommended 8, but criticized (collegiality/fractionalism)… so… • ‘tHart (1994) proposes 4: • Require • Embrace • Allow for objection – • Balance

  6. Strengths • Only applied by Janis to decision-making groups in crisis periods

  7. Weaknesses • – ½ symptoms of groupthink are not associated with concurrence seeking, as theory proposes

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