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Sidevõrgud IRT 0020 loeng 7 23. okt. 2006

This article discusses physical telecommunication network equipment in the access network, including ADSL modems, DSLAMs, and cross-connection points. It also covers ISDN connections, analog and ISDN access interfaces, and basic telephone terminals.

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Sidevõrgud IRT 0020 loeng 7 23. okt. 2006

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  1. SidevõrgudIRT 0020loeng 7 23. okt. 2006 Avo Ots telekommunikatsiooni õppetoolraadio- ja sidetehnika instituut avots@lr.ttu.ee

  2. Market End-Users Content and Service Providers Service operators/ Telecommunications Networking Solutions Physical Telecommunication Network

  3. Equipment in the access network Distribution point ADSL modem On-line subscriber with several telephones Cross connection point Twisted pair - connections DSLAM ISDN 2B+D 144 kb/s Q.512 specifies exchange interfaces Wireless access (or radio access point) ISDN connectionexample: 30B+D (2.048 Mb/s) Business subscriber Multiplexer Private Branch Exchange

  4. Exchange interfaces and tasks, V5 • Between access network and exchange • 2048 kbit/s basic rate • Specifies basic interfaces for • Analog access • ISDN-access • Electrical interface G.703 • Channel control and signaling • V5 supports interface rates 2048 kbit/s … 8448 kbit/s

  5. Analog local loop interface Loop current used for signaling & message Digital-lines to ISDN central office per trunk signalingin local loop: - long setup time - hacking easy - voice grade circuits - interference & cross-talk sensitive - expensive Analog-line

  6. Basic telephone terminal • A basic phone can be made by using just four units • The bell • The hook switch • The keypad • The speech circuit • Modern keypads use dual-tone dialing • The speech circuit adapts voice levels and isolates mic and speaker

  7. Hybrid-circuit • 4-wire connection is used between exchanges and 2-wire connections from exchange to subscribers Two-wire

  8. Traffic Classes • Demanding • Delay • Jitter • Demanding • Bit rate • Jitter • Tolerant • Delay and bit rate can vary • Integrity • Easiest • Delay and bit ratecan vary • Integrity

  9. Kõnekvaliteedi kategooriad

  10. Architecture PSTN CS Domain IMS Internet Access Network PS Domain

  11. Customer feedback Network Performance Monitoring  Optimisation Performance statistics from application server Network statistics from different counters and interfaces E2E service quality, QoE Application server Node B 3G GGSN 3GSGSN RNC UTRAN Core nw External nw Network performance

  12. Voogude ja koormuse teke • HDTV: SMPTE 260/274295/296M: 198 MB/s • 1920 x 1080 (2640 x 1125), 10 Bit 4:2:2 YCbCr, 25FPS • Cinema today: 2048 x 2048, 14 Bit RGB, 24 FPS: ~4 GB/s • Cinema tomorrow: 4096 x 4096, 14 Bit RGB, 24 FPS: ~ 16 GB/s

  13. History

  14. Use large amount of computation to achieve high quality, reliability and compression ratio Intra/inter frame prediction: ~60% Integer transform: ~10% Error resilience: ~20% De-blocking filter: ~10% For current home PC users, realtime software decoding (HDTV quality) could be achieved, but not encoding (~10x of MPEG-2’s CPU consumption) CPU Consumption of H.264

  15. 1/8 sample accurate compensation Scalable video coding Wavelet coding (eg. DWT replace DCT) Effective rate control algorithm Motion-compensated temporal filtering Spatial up-sampling prediction Progressively-refined quantization Power efficient encoder on mobile devices (DC, Cell phone) Much more… Impending Topics on H.264

  16. Applications • HD DVD Video (DVDForum); Blu-ray Disk (BDA) (High Profiles: mandatory) • DVB in Europe, DMB in Korea, ISDB-T in Japan • Direct broadcast satellite TV (multi-region) • 3GPP (optional feature) • IETF: RFC3984 for RTP • ITU-T: H.32x (in production) • VoD

  17. Block Diagram System BUS Syntax Parser SDRAM I/F 8MB SDRAM Intra, Inter Prediction + Display Engine Display I/F In/Post- Loop Filter 4x4/8x8 IDCT Entropy Decoder Slice Pixel SRAM Line-Pixel-Lookahead

  18. Measured Results • Power Measurement

  19. Results • Power Measurement Max. working freq. (MHz) H.264 Core Power (W) 225W 112MHz QCIF@15fps 1.15MHz 31MHz 125W 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 (V) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 (V)

  20. Lingid www.teo.lt http://www.vcodex.com http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/index.html http://www.chiariglione.org/mpeg/ http://tree.celinuxforum.org/ http://www.mythtv.org/ http://www.m4if.org/ http://www.sysmaster.com/products/set_top_box.php http://www.cyberlink.com/multi/products/main_43_ENU.html

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