The Woman Problem: Trust and Persuasion in Politics

1. How Much of It is Because She’s a Woman? • It’s All about Trust • She’s Got History • The Character Question • The Woman Problem • How Can a Woman Engender Trust in a Campaign Beset by Testosterone Poisoning • Why Men Find it Hard to Apologize • Trusting in Listening

2. Rhetoric is the faculty of finding the available means of persuasion in a given case (Aristotle, Ars Rhetorica) Speaker or writer subject audience Ethos: Appeals to the character of the writer or persona Pathos: Appeals to the emotions or interests of the readers Logos: Appeals to the structure (reasoning) of the artist

3. Logical Appeal – Logos Logical appeal uses reasoning and evidence to appeal to an audience or a listener, and is often more intellectual than emotional. It uses inductive (specific to general) and deductive (general to specific) reasoning. • Emotional Appeal – Pathos Passion, not logic, stirs most people into taking a stance. Pathos is an appeal to our basic human needs; the writer/speaker uses a friendlier, more relaxed tone. • Ethical Appeal – Ethos Ethos in Greek loosely translates into ―character: fair, just, and trustworthy.

4. One Life, Two Stories • Living History (2004) • A Woman in Charge (2008) Carl Bernstein

5. She's the most interesting woman, I think, of our era. At the time -- she was already the most famous woman in the world. More famous than Princess Diana. More famous than Elizabeth Taylor. And, you know, we forget -- with Donald Trump, we remember what a celebrity he is and how the key to him is celebrity and celebrity culture. But it also is, in many ways, to Hillary Clinton as well. She is, very much, the most celebrated woman in the world Bernstein CNN Interview on Woman in Charge (2016)

6. “someone who has lived her life ... being judged” Woman in Charge, Bernstein

9. Carl Bernstein A Woman in Charge (2008)CNN Interview “Who Is Hillary Clinton?” The Republican right has always looked at the Clintons as radical leftist demons -- exemplars of the ultra-liberalism the right despises, even though Bill and Hillary Clinton are more conventional center-left in their politics. Hardly radicals. And their enemies became even more enraged after Bill survived impeachment and Hillary went on to the Senate and then candidate for president. The Clinton presidential legacy, in tatters after impeachment, was redeemed after its enemies had thought "Clintonism" was dead. Redeemed largely by Hillary.

10. Carl Bernstein A Woman in Charge (2008)CNN Interview “Who Is Hillary Clinton?” I think it is very important that we look at Bill and Hillary Clinton in terms of the cultural warfare in this country in our politics and our media of the last 35 years. They are the central actors to some extent in the culture wars. They are the Antichrist of the other side. And they -- you know, you look at what Barack Obama has faced from the Republicans. Vicious opposition. Some of it racist, some of it not. But you look at the kind of opposition that he has faced and you also have to look at it as an extension to some extent of what the Clintons have faced. And what happened to exacerbate the cultural warfare and make it even higher velocity, heavier artillery, was Bill Clinton's affairs with women.

12. You know, she said Monica Lewinsky was about the vast right-wing conspiracy, and she said the same damn thing about the email server. Yes, the "vast right-wing conspiracy," in some way, exists. The far-right wing is out to get the Clintons and to destroy what they see as Clintonism. And they have they been, as I say in the book, since the 1990s. But that's part of the cultural warfare that the country has been engaged in. The Clintons have been in the crosshairs of that cultural war for some 35 years now. Nonetheless, there's a way to factually separate the enemies from her own self-destructive actions. And what has happened with the email server is not a product of the enemies. It might be a response in her mind to thinking, "I have to protect myself from the enemies, from the press, from the, quote, 'vast right-wing conspiracy,'" both in setting up the server and lying about it. But that's no justification for the actions she took.

13. Toward the end of the book, one of Hillary's oldest friends and political associates, a wonderful woman named Sara Ehrman says . . ., "I would say right now most everybody in her life is simply a means of getting where she has to go. ... I'm not saying she's an unethical person, because she's definitely not. But everything and everybody is part of the package of getting them there, getting them -- her and the president -- there for the greater good” What has amazed me in these past months since she announced for the presidency is how many of Hillary's old friends -- who still support her -- say they are no longer sure, as they once were, who the real Hillary Clinton is.

15. From A Woman in Charge "Since her Arkansas days, Hillary Rodham Clinton has had a difficult relationship with the truth.“ "[J]udged against the facts ... it underlines how often she has chosen to obfuscate, omit and avoid.“ I think now that we've seen in Hillary, particularly in the server controversy. Not just the lies. Some real paranoia, blaming enemies for problems of her own making, and real indications that she and Bill Clinton don't believe they are bound by rules that ought to be expected of them; that because others, especially Republicans, have flouted rules and political norms, that the Clintons are entitled to do it too. All in the larger scheme of "doing good," which they see themselves as totally committed to.

17. Women’s Income as Percentage of Men’s Number of female CEOs at Fortune 500 companies College Graduation

18. BEYOND THE DOUBLE BIND: Women and LeadershipKathleen Hall Jamieson • Women can exercise their wombs or their brains, but not both. • Women who speak out are immodest and will be shamed, while women who are silent will be ignored or dismissed. • Women are subordinate whether they claim to be different from men or the same. • Women who are considered feminine will be judged incompetent, and women who are competent, unfeminine. • As men age, they gain wisdom and power; as women age, they wrinkle and become superfluous.

19. Henry Louis Gates, “Hating Hillary”The New Yorker (2/26/96)Hillary Clinton has been trashed right and left—but what’s really fueling the furies? Hillary Clinton: “Some of the personal attack levelled against me is a not very veiled attempt to undermine the positions that I have worked on and stood for. . . The people who hold the view of exalted individualism and think that the market can solve all our problems are not so confident in their position that they don’t feel it necessary to attack anyone who has a contrary point of view. And then I’ve made mistakes and I’ve engendered some criticism, I think justifiably, for things that I said or did or didn’t handle well. So it’s a combination of all that. We’re becoming, as a culture, very hard, very cold and sterile in lots of ways, partly because of technology and global competition. So, no matter how one defines one’s political or ideological identity, I think all of us have to reach down and redefine our human identity first and foremost.” You might say it takes a village to demonize a First Lady.