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Cascading Style Sheets Lecture#5

Cascading Style Sheets Lecture#5. Engr. Mubbashir Ayub. CSS vs HTML. HTML: Originally intended to markup structure of a document ( <h1> , <h2> ... <h6> , <p> , <ol> , <ul> , <blockquote> , ...) CSS Developing technology, CSS1, CSS2 (CSS3 under discussion)

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Cascading Style Sheets Lecture#5

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  1. Cascading Style Sheets Lecture#5 Engr. Mubbashir Ayub

  2. CSS vs HTML • HTML: • Originally intended to markup structure of a document (<h1>, <h2> ... <h6>, <p>, <ol>, <ul>, <blockquote>, ...) • CSS • Developing technology, CSS1, CSS2 (CSS3 under discussion) • Markup presentation, i.e. formats and layout  Separation of content and presentation

  3. CSS Structure selector {property: value;} • Selector: • on a simple level HTML element you wish to define • Property: • attribute you wish to change • Value: • value the property takes

  4. Internal Style Sheets (1/2) • Inline • Affects individual HTML tag <html> ... <body> ... <p style=“font-family: Arial, sans- serif; ”>some text</p> </body> </html>

  5. Internal Style Sheets (2/2) • Embedded • Affects individual document <html> <head> ... <style type=“text/css”> p {font-family: Arial, sans-serif;} </style></head> <body> ... <p>some text</p> </body> </html>

  6. External Style Sheets (1/4) • Separate text file (.css) • e.g. styles.css p { font-family: Arial, Sans-serif; }

  7. External Style Sheets (2/4) • Linked styles • Affect all documents that are linked to the style sheet <html> <head> ... <link href=“styles.css” rel=“stylesheet” type=“text/css” /> </head> <body> ... <p>some text</p> </body> </html>

  8. Order of precedence • HTML formatting instructions (e.g. <font> tags) • Inline styles • Embedded styles • Linked styles • Default browser styles

  9. Types of CSS styles • Styles assigned to a HTML element • Class selector styles • Define different styles for one or more HTML elements • Assigned to the class attribute within an HTML element • ID selector styles • Define different styles for one and the same HTML element • Assigned to the ID attribute within an HTML element

  10. Class selector styles • CSS: … .blue {color: #082984} .red {color: #de2131} • HTML … <h1 class=“red”>Headline</h1> <p class=“red”>a summary</p> <p class=“blue”>some text</p> …

  11. Pseudo-classes • Used when an HTML element can display more than one behaviour (e.g. hyperlinks) • CSS: a:link {color: #000} a:visited {color: #000} a:hover {color: #69f} a:active {color: #000} • HTML <a href=“nextpage.html”>Next page</a>

  12. ID Selector styles • CSS … #red_heading {color: red} #summary {color: red} #conclusion {color: blue} • HTML … <h1 id=“red_heading”>Headline</h1> <p id=“summary”>Summary</p> <p id=“conclusion”>Conclusion</p> …

  13. CSS Grouping and Nesting Selectors • h1{color:green;}h2{color:green;}p{color:green;} • h1,h2,p{color:green;}

  14. CSS Grouping and Nesting Selectors • p{color:blue;text-align:center;}.marked{background-color:red;}.marked p{color:white;}

  15. CSS Examples • p {font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 12px;color: #000000;} • h1 {font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;color: #000099;} …

  16. CSS Examples • body {margin: 0px;} • a:link {color: #000099;text-decoration: underline;} • a:hover {text-decoration: none;background-color: #CCCCCC;}

  17. Assignment • Create a calendar control using JavaScript as external file and using CSS.

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