Social Darwinism argued that ______. Competition in the business world was a bad thing.

1. Social Darwinism argued that ______. Competition in the business world was a bad thing. Competition among businesses was indeed the best way to promote a healthy economy. The “survival of the fittest” concept would apply to business practices: The strong will survive and the weak will fade away. B and C only

2. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was significant in that it _____. Gave the government minimal control with business regulations. Established a five-year moratorium on business consolidations. Was an attempt to regulate business practices that unfairly squeezed out competition by outlawing “every contract or combination in the form of a trust in restraint of trade or commerce. Allowed a level of cooperation between governments regulators and business leaders.

3. The National Labor Union, Knights of Labor, the IWW, and the American Federation of Labor were ______. Never successful in addressing workers concerns All working towards achieving better conditions for workers in an often-hostile work environment Not in agreement about the use of strikes to achieve their goals All in agreement about membership into the unions

4. The Haymarket Square Riot in Chicago in 1886 was the scene of violence when all of the following events occurred EXCEPT ______. The Knights of Labor held successful negotiations with McCormick Harvester about labor concerns The strike grew violent when a bomber was thrown into the crowd of 3,000-plus Scab laborers were brought in to replace striking workers Seven policemen were killed and 10 men were indicted for murder (with seven of them being sentenced to death)

5. The major purpose of the formation of labor unions during the Gilded Age was to ____. • Combat harsh and often-hazardous working conditions. • Use strikes, if necessary, as a means of getting concessions from businesses. • Unite workers in a common organization with a common cause (especially the demand for an eight-hour workday). • A,B, & C

6. Strikes and continued incidences of violence in the labor movement _____. • Brought about needed changes in the workplace. • Brought limited changes to workers and their needs in the workplace. • Weakened the unions in their dealings with companies. • Succeeded in new laws especially for wages and number of hours worked.

7. _____ became the first billion-dollar corporation formed in America in 1901. • Standard Oil Company • U.S. Steel • McCormick Harvester • Pullman Palace Car Company

8. Machine politics under the control of Tweed Ring in New York____. • Controlled Republican candidates on the ballots. • Ran the city of New York with its form of corrupt politics. • Made it illegal to “buy” votes. • Had minimal influence with elected candidates.

9. Department stores and chain stores were responsible for ____. • Using advertising to market name-brand items to consumers. • Using their own names as a major selling point (Woolworth, Sears, Marshall Fields and so on). • Increasing consumer loyalty by catering to the whims of customer. • A, B, and C.

10. Old immigrants tended to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT that they tended to ____. • Immigrate primarily from the Northern and Western Europe. • Not assimilate easily into American society. • Have a degree of education and some job skills. • Be Protestant (except for the Irish Catholics, who began immigrating to America in 1840s).

11. New immigrants tended to ____. • Migrate primarily from Southern and Eastern Europe in large numbers. • Make up the largest segment of immigrants entering the United States from the 1890’s until World War I. • Have minimal education and job skills, and be of Catholic, Jewish, or Greek Orthodox religion. • A, B, C