ToK Rationalism: the use of reason

1. ToK Rationalism: introduction ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Rational & Emotional If you want to annoy someone, explain to them, logically and rationally, why they are wrong. J Baylock

2. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Rational & Emotional What has reason told us about prehistoric man? How might our emotions inform us about prehistoric man?

3. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Reasoning Example: A: I am either a schnooglepopper or a birshteinwaller, or both B: I am not a schnooglepopper C: I am a birshteinwaller • Reasoning and deduction…. Example: A: All humans are mortal B: I am human C: (deduction)I am mortal

4. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason • In groups of 3 or 4, please • Make up 2 other absolutely convincing examples • Make up 2 arguments which seem convincing, but in fact, are not

5. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason • Reasoning and induction… All adult swans are white

6. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason • Reasoning and induction… It’s induction because… The speaker has drawn a general conclusion from many specific sightings – maybe thousands (remember induction in science?)

7. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason • Reasoning and induction… The problem with induction? The way it has been, may not be the way it always willbe….. For example, there is a species of black swan Australian Black Swan chicks

8. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Reasoning and deduction again.. Example: A: No emperors are dentists B: All children fear dentists C: No children fear emperors

9. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Reasoning and deduction again.. Example: A: No monkeys are soldiers B: All monkeys are smelly C: Some smelly creatures aren’t soldiers

10. Soldiers Monkeys Smelly creatures

11. Venn diagram Soldiers Monkeys Smelly creatures Once you understand the logic, try drawing your own for the examples on page 78 in books..

12. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Deduction truth and validity… Example: A: All students are lazy B: I am a student C: I am lazy

13. ToK Rationalism: the use of reason Once you understand the logic, do the exercises on p79