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NewExt WP4 "Multimedia impact pathways"

NewExt WP4 "Multimedia impact pathways". Presentation by Till M. Bachmann Villigen, 26 May 2003. Objectives of WP: (according to description of work) Site-dependent assessment of concentration levels in soil and water compartments

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NewExt WP4 "Multimedia impact pathways"

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  1. NewExt WP4 "Multimedia impact pathways" Presentation by Till M. Bachmann Villigen, 26 May 2003

  2. Objectives of WP:(according to description of work) Site-dependent assessment of concentration levels in soil and water compartments Exposure assessment with respect to ingestion by humans considering food chains Total exposure assessment (ingestion + inhalation) 'As far as possible' quantifying impacts and damages Introduction Introduction

  3. Acronym for: Integrated WATer and SOil environmental fate, exposure and impact assessment model of Noxious substances for Europe Box model for water and soil coupled to regional air quality model WTM (Windrose Trajectory Model) of EcoSense EcoSense multimedia WATSON-Europe

  4. Sources of substances Atmospheric emissions Background (natural+ anthropogenic) Direct emissions to water and soil Regional scale atmospheric models Air model Soil & water Model Soils of different use Water fresh Water marine Groundwater Sediment fresh Sediment marine Exposuremodel Plants Farm animals Drinking water Aquatic organisms Human beings inhalation exposure not shown EcoSense multimedia Environmental fate model

  5. Environmental media distinguished taking differences in permeability, soil erosion and human (in)direct exposure into account These are: • Top soils of: • Pastures • Arable land • Non-vegetated areas (e.g. rocks, open cast mining) • Semi-natural ecosystems • Other compartments: • Freshwater bodies • Sediment • Built-up areas • Glaciers EcoSense multimedia Spatial characteristics • about 11500 different compartments in 3400 base regions

  6. Climatological annual average data for hydrology Temporal resolution: Steady-state: for sustainability questions („Which concentration will occur in media and food if the current emissions are kept the same forever?“) Quasi dynamic: temporal concentration development in different media and food (‚quasi‘: only a substance‘s concentrations vary) Pulse emission: emission stops after a given time „Time to steady-state“: assessing when a certain percentage of the steady state solution will be reached (very persistent substances like heavy metals will only reach a steady-state after several hundred or even thousand and more years) EcoSense multimedia Temporal characteristics

  7. Scenario calculations Scenario • Case study: 1000 kg Pb/a emitted in Flanders • Reference: European emissions in 1990 (UBA/TNO 1998) • Exposure via inhalation and ingestion

  8. Concentration increment

  9. Summed over national average exposures Ingestion exposure only via milk, beef, cereals and potatoes Scenario calculations Collective dose of Pb - results

  10. Similar to UWM: Ingestion dose about two orders of magnitude larger than inhalation Dissimilar to UWM: Dose levels: one order of magnitude higher Contribution of different paths (potato and rye!) Decreasing intake fraction over time Scenario calculations Collective dose of Pb - comparison

  11. Two scenarios consideringCd and Pb emissions to Germany and tributary areas: Atmospheric deposition only (UBA/TNO 1998) Plus direct releases into water (UBA 2000; distribution: i) industry+municipal emissions: per capita, ii) diffuse emissions: area weighted) No background Steady-state concentrations Scenario calculations Sustainability application • Case study for Germany

  12. Policy standards (EU directive) with respect to lead: Arable land: 50-300 mg/kg dry-weight Surface waters for drinking water abstraction: 0.05 mg/l Scenario calculations Results – environmental media – Pb

  13. Policy standards with respect to lead:(Commission Regulation (EC) 466/2001 to Directive 2001/22/EC) milk consumption (infants): 0.02 mg/kg fresh-weight meat consumption: 0.1 mg/kg fresh-weight Scenario calculations Results – food consumption – Pb

  14. Air-dispersion based EcoSense is extended to a multi-media exposure assessment tool WATSON offers many opportunities to calculate welfare losses via external costs as well as sustainability indicators in terms of long-term environmental media and/or food concentrations However, the use of exposure-response functions has not yet been possible due to lack of emission information as well as atmospheric modelling reasons related to PAHs and PCDD/Fs Conclusion Conclusions

  15. Conclusion Thank you for your attention!

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