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Logical Fallacies

Logical Fallacies. Jumping to Conclusions. Ad Hominem. Circular Reasoning. Testimonial. Either/Or Fallacy. Overgeneralization. False Analogy. Jumping to Conclusions. A Claim With Little Proof to Support it. Jumping to Conclusions. Ad Hominem. Attacking a person rather than

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Logical Fallacies

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  1. Logical Fallacies Jumping to Conclusions Ad Hominem Circular Reasoning Testimonial Either/Or Fallacy Overgeneralization False Analogy

  2. Jumping to Conclusions A Claim With Little Proof to Support it

  3. Jumping to Conclusions

  4. Ad Hominem Attacking a person rather than his or her ideas.

  5. Ad Hominem • "You can't believe Jack when he says there is a Godbecause he doesn't even have a job." • "He's physically addicted to nicotine. Of course he defends smoking!” • "I can't believe that anyone really listens to what the American Rifle Association has to say. After all, they're just a bunch of ignorant yokels." • "If you weren't so stupid you would have no problem seeing my point of view."

  6. Ad Hominem Bill: "I believe that abortion is morally wrong." Dave: "Of course you would say that, you're a priest." Bill: "What about the arguments I gave to support my position?" Dave: "Those don't count. Like I said, you're a priest, so you have to say that abortion is wrong. Further, you are just a lackey to the Pope, so I can't believe what you say."

  7. Ad Hominem

  8. Circular Reasoning Part of the Argument is used as evidence to support it

  9. Circular Reasoning • I like vanilla ice cream because it’s my favorite kind! • George Bush was the best candidate for president because he was totally better than all the others. • Homework is boring because it is so tedious. • Richardson is the most successful mayor the town has ever had because he's the best mayor of our history.”

  10. Circular Reasoning ~ALMOST always uses the word because in the argument

  11. Circular Reasoning

  12. Testimonial A famous person endorses a product, even though they aren't experts

  13. Testimonial

  14. Testimonial • I’m not a doctor, but I play one on T.V. • Michael Jordan endorsing Hanes underwear • Bill Cosby endorsing Jell-O brand products • I’m not a lawyer, but I did sleep in a Holiday Inn last night. • Matt, Jay, & Cherish from WABB endorsing Krystals.

  15. Testimonial Usually involves a famous person

  16. Either-Or Fallacy Only two sides or solutions are presented to an issue, when, in fact, there are more than two

  17. Either-Or Fallacy Senator Jill: "We'll have to cut education funding this year." Senator Bill: "Why?" Senator Jill: "Well, either we cut the social programs or we live with a huge deficit and we can't live with the deficit."

  18. Either-Or Fallacy Bill: "Jill and I both support having prayer in public schools." Jill: "Hey, I never said that!" Bill: "You're not an atheist are you Jill?"

  19. Either-Or Fallacy "Look, you are going to have to make up your mind. Either you decide that you can afford this stereo, or you decide you are going to do without music for a while."

  20. Either-Or Fallacy • Usually has the words either & or in the argument • Does not need the words either & or in the argument • This fallacy is also called False Dilemma.

  21. Either-Or Fallacy

  22. False Analogy Comparison of two things that do not have essential features in common

  23. False Analogy • People are like dogs. They respond best to clear discipline. • This soap is like a dream. It lifts you up to a spiritual plane. • A school is not so different from a business. It needs a clear competitive strategy that will lead to profitable growth.

  24. False Analogy

  25. False Analogy

  26. Overgeneralization Generalization that is too broad It cannot be true & can be easily disproved Signaled by words: All, Everyone, No one, Never, Best

  27. Overgeneralization

  28. Overgeneralization

  29. Logical Fallacies Jumping to Conclusions Ad Hominem Circular Reasoning Testimonial Either/Or Fallacy Overgeneralization False Analogy

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