Goal 4: Stereotypes, images, prejudices & Behaviors

1. Goal 4: Stereotypes, images, prejudices & Behaviors

2. Prejudice: A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, such as a racial or ethnic minority.

3. Ethnocentrism: The tendency to assume that one’s culture and way of life are superior to all others. • Judgments are made about others and other cultures following your own cultural standards, when deciding the concepts of like/dislike; good/bad.

4. Ethnophaulism: Ethnic or racial slurs (negative statements) including derisive nicknames.

5. Methods to reduce prejudice • Education: programs in school (K-8) • Mass Media: Television and Movies which demonstrate harmony between diverse groups • Intergroup contact: • “Contact hypothesis”: an interactionist view stating that intergroup contact between people of equal status; in noncompetitive circumstances; will reduce prejudice.

6. Methods to reduce prejudice • Workplace Training: Diversity training within the work environment developed for that specific environment.

7. Prejudice- an attitude • Discrimination- an action (behavior)

8. Attitudes of prejudice prevail for a lifetime, however, they can and have changed since the 1950’s. Most opinion polls (surveys) have demonstrated increasing levels of acceptance of different people and cultures by white people and Hispanics.

9. There is still a greater level of dissatisfaction with society as it is by black people as compared to the other groups.

10. Perceived discrimination and Social confrontation • Intergroup hostility: A national survey showed that there is perceived prejudice between the dominant group (white) and subordinate groups (non-white). • It also showed perceived prejudices between subordinate groups. See page 55 in text.

11. Tokenism • Any legislation, admissions policy, hiring practice, etc., that demonstrates only minimal compliance with the rules, laws, or public pressure. • This has been used to deflect the government or the public from complaining there is unfair or unequal treatment occurring.

12. DeJure v. DeFacto segregation • DuJure: legal, government sponsored laws or rules which intentionally segregate against subordinate groups of people. • Plessey v. Ferguson; U.S. Supreme Court decision 1895. The court ruled that “Separate but Equal” was legally acceptable. This led to parallel societies of white and black in the U.S. from 1985 until 1965.

13. DeFacto: Segregation that results from residential patterns, or other facts of life which by design are not intended to separate people, but do cause it to happen. • This has led to the term “Apartied Schools”

14. Additionally, the practice in schools of tracking is another form of DeFacto segregation. This is the separation of students by skill level or test scores. Students in the lower tracks are not able to have access to the full curriculum. • In many large, diverse communities, this practice has lead to different curriculums for the members of the dominant group and the members of the subordinate groups.

15. Supreme Court Cases regarding Affirmative Action Plans • Business and Industry • Fullilove v. Klutznick • Metro Broadcasting v. Federal Communications Commission • Adarand Constructors v. Pena

16. Supreme Court cases regarding Affirmative Action Plans • Education • University of California v. Bakke • UCal Law School admissions • Gratz v. Bollinger • UMich undergraduate admissions • Grutter v. Bollinger • UMich Law School admissions

17. Hate Crimes: Criminal offense committed because of a provable bias (hate) of the perpetrator toward the victim due to race, religion, ethnic background, national origin or sexual orientation.

18. Hate groups: Date back to the mid- late 19th century with the beginning of the Ku Klux Klan. Other hate groups have come into existence in the U.S. during the last 130+ years. They exist in all but 5 states???