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Quebec

Quebec. 10 minutes to browse the Primary evidence books 3 observations, 3 questions. Today’s critical questions…. What’s with Quebec? Where is this going? What should we do?. In 1492 Colombus sailed the ocean blue In 1497 John Cabot followed 1534 Jacques Cartier first to map St Lawrence

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Quebec

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  1. Quebec • 10 minutes to browse the Primary evidence books • 3 observations, 3 questions

  2. Today’s critical questions… • What’s with Quebec? • Where is this going? • What should we do?

  3. In 1492 Colombus sailed the ocean blue • In 1497 John Cabot followed • 1534 Jacques Cartier first to map St Lawrence • In 1608 samuel de Champlain proclaims New France and Quebec City- trading posts, settlement… • Allies France with the Huron & Algonquin • 1670, GBR heads down from Hudson’s Bay = CONFLICT • GBR & Iroquois vs. FRN & Huron/Algonquin BACKGROUND HISTORY

  4. A battle for New France • Seven Years War (1756-63) • Plains of Abraham • Wolfe vs. Montcalm • Treaty of Paris 1763- Control of New France taken by Great Britain General Wolfe

  5. Quebec Act- 1774 • 60,000 to 70,000 Francophone's in Quebec • Freedom from deportation • Freedom to return to France • No confiscation of property • Equal treatment in the Fur trade • Religious Freedom

  6. French Assimilation & Confederation • 1791 Quebec divided into French-speaking Lower Canada (later Quebec) and English-speaking Upper Canada (later Ontario) • 1840 Great Britain recommends French assimilation so merges Upper and Lower Canada into a ‘Province of Canada’ (a British colony) • 1867 Canada starts to govern itself (Confederation) • Issues of regionalism emerge in new country

  7. The Quiet Revolution • Catalyst- 1959, Duplessis dies Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis

  8. The Quiet Revolution • Government run Health Care & Education • “Secularization” • Modernization • “Maitres Chez Nous” or “masters in our own house”. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mXQrIbjwXYg (6:23) ‘The Quiet Revolution’ New QC Premier Jean Lesage- 1960

  9. Vive la Quebec! Hang on… • Fed’s recruit Quebecers • In steps Pierre Elliot Trudeau • Fight the French seperatists!

  10. Trudeau’s Just Society • The Official languages Act (1969) • Multicultarism Act (1971) Happy yet Quebec?

  11. FLQ & the October Crisis Some Quebecers were really not happy Activity: ‘is restricting Rights Ever Justified?

  12. FLQ • The Front De Liberation Du Quebec • Separatist Terrorists in Quebec • Responsible for • More than 200 bombings • Death of at least 5 people • October, 1970 = October Crisis

  13. First they kidnap a British diplomat working in Canada • James Cross, British Trade Commissioner • Kidnapped on October 5, 1970 by the “Liberation Cell” of the FLQ • Kidnapping left police with list of demands...

  14. The Demands 1.End of police search 2.Publication of an FLQ manifesto 3.Rehiring of the Lapalme employees 4.Liberation of all political prisoners (23 FLQ members) 5.      Denunciation of the informer who had led the police to the capture of a cell of the FLQ in June of 1970 6.      $500 000 in gold 7. Safe-conducts out of the country. Activity: ‘The October Crisis Begins’

  15. Then they kidnap Pierre Laporte • Minister of Labour and Vice Premier of Quebec • Kidnapped on Oct 10, 1970 by the Chénier cell of FLQ • Wrote letter to Quebec Premier, Robert Bourassa, pleading for his life • Executed October 17 - strangled to death and dumped in the trunk of an abandoned car

  16. Government Response • Broadcasted the FLQ manifesto on October 8th, 1970 • Policemen lined the streets of Quebec cities • On October 15th, Quebec government invited the Canadian Armed Forces to Quebec to assist the local police • Federal Government invokes War Measures Act

  17. War Measures Act • Enforced on October 16th 1970 • Arrest any FLQ suspects or supporters • Outlawed FLQ • Suspended Civil Liberties in Quebec • 497 persons arrested, of whom 435 would be released, the other 62 were charged “Just watch me” Textbook Debate: Page 303- ‘Was the War Measures Act Justified?

  18. Meeting the Demands After Laporte’s Death • After the execution of Pierre Laporte, negotiations were reached between police and FLQ • James Cross was released • 5 known members of the FLQ were flown to Cuba by Canadian Forces • All 4 members of the FLQ’s Chénier cell were captured and charged with the kidnapping and murder of Pierre Laporte

  19. Quotes “We are going to win because there are more boys ready to shoot members of Parliament than there are policemen” ~Michel Chartrand, Radical Separtist and FLQ supporter “The Army occupies Quebec. It is unpleasant but undoubtedly necessary in times of crisis.” ~ René Lévesque, Future Premier of Quebec Youtube: Canada: A Peoples History- Episode 16- Years of Hope and Anger ‘October 1970’ (1:15.22-1:24.24) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSpJ6bmcHL8

  20. Post FLQ- Are you Rene for this? • Lets try more civil means • Hard core French • Bill 101 (1977) • “common man” • Leader of the PQ • Becomes QC Premier (1976) Rene Levesque

  21. Bill 101 Bill 101 (1977): • No English on outdoor signs. • Restricted access to English schools.

  22. Quebec: A “Distinct” Society? Parti Quebecois: Canadian federalism could not address and protect the Unique French Language and culture.

  23. Hang on, what is your “unique culture”?

  24. The Parti Quebecois • 1980 referendum on Quebec Independence • Sovereignty Association

  25. Trudeau vs Levesque http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNtwiF-x7Oo 10:35- “Canada a Peoples History, Episode 17”

  26. Impact on Quebec’s Society Independence: Yes or No? Neighbours, relatives and friends were divided

  27. The Result? The Referendum was held on May 20th, 1980: The Result? 60% for the Non 40% for the Oui

  28. “Enough already” • Special status for QC • Canada gets its own constitution and Charter of Rights. (1982) • All provinces had to sign • Quebec refused • Trudeau went ahead anyway

  29. The Constitution Act (1982)

  30. Out with Trudeau in with Mulroney“I’ll get that signature” • New QC Premier Robert Bourassa • New PM Brian Mulroney • ‘Distinct society’ clause & we’ll sign Brian Mulroney and Robert Bourassa

  31. Provinces meet at Meech to get it done (1987) • They agree! • They all have 3 years for their provincal parliaments to ratify the deal (commit)… • Are Aboriginal Canadians not “distinct”? The Meech Lake Accord

  32. Meech Lake Accord • FIRST- Manitoab MLA Elijah Harper • THEN- Nfld Premier Clyde Wells • The Accord fails in June 1990 • People in Quebec are pi**ed Manitoba MLA Elijah Harper Nfld Premier Clyde Wells

  33. Growth in Quebec Separatism • Support for Quebec Separatism grew • Lucien Bouchard resigns from Mulroney’s cabinet and starts federal seperatist party, the Bloc Quebecois St Jean Baptiste Parade

  34. If at first you don’t succeed try, try, try again

  35. Charlottetown Accord • Mulroney puts it to a national referendum • 71% voter turnout, 54% vote no • End result- Mulroney quits • Quebec pi**ed again

  36. 1993 Federal Election • Official oppositions only goal- break up the country?

  37. Referendum again- 1995 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ygdKavHXdA(3:57) Flashback 1995:Referendum

  38. You lose- you’re staying, now enough already?

  39. 2011 Federal Election

  40. KC Grad in the HouseBy Mike Norris, The Whig Standard A newly elected member of Parliament who has been the target of criticism since a surprise victory in Quebec on Monday was a good college student, a former classmate and a former teacher recall. Ruth Ellen Brosseau is a graduate of Kingston Collegiate and St. Lawrence College. Brosseau, 27,a single mother, is the NDP candidate who won the Quebec riding of Berthier-Maskinonge. She was criticized for taking a break in the campaign to vacation in Las Vegas. Known as Re when she lived in Kingston, Brosseau graduated from KC in 2002 and St. Law­rence, with a diploma in Advertising and Integrated Marketing Communications, in 2006. "She was an excellent student," said Mike Hector, a St. Lawrence classmate who has known Brosseau since she was in high school and described her as "a good friend.” "We worked on a lot of projects together. She's a good strategic thinker.” Danielle van Dreunen, who taught three courses in which Brosseau was enrolled, has fond memories of her former student, who has since changed her hair colour from brunette to blond… Hector met Brosseau through his friend, who was Brosseau's boy­friend at the time. The group shared a passion for skateboarding. "We went to the same skateboard spots and partied together," said Hector. "We hung out a lot. We used to drink coffee at Indigo before it had a Starbucks, in the late 1990s.” Hector, who keeps in touch with Brosseau through Facebook, didn't know she was a candidate in the federal election until last week. "I sent her a little message before election day, telling her not to pay attention to the press," he said. "The (opponents) were digging up dirt and saying she was young and inexperienced in politics."

  41. "She said, 'Thanks. It's been overwhelming.' “ Brosseau won her central Quebec riding by nearly 6,000 votes — 22,484 to 16,668 — over three-term Bloc Quebecois incumbent Guy Andre. She was one of 58 NDP candidates to win a riding in Quebec, a province where the party held one seat before Monday. Brosseau was considered a placeholder candidate, enlisted to run in no-hope ridings in order to have a full slate of candidates for the election. The riding is 300 km from Ottawa, where she was an assistant manager at a restaurant. Since the election, Brosseau has been criticized for vacationing in Las Vegas during the election, for rarely, if ever, campaigning and for barely being able to speak French. Her trip to Vegas made headlines during the campaign. On Wednesday, she came under fire when defeated Liberal candidate Francine Gaudet, who finished a distant third, alleged that some of the signatures on Brosseau's nomination papers were falsified. Despite Brosseau's lack of political experience, Hector and van Dreunen believe she will do just fine in new role, which pays $157,731 a year. "She's intelligent enough to do the job," said Hector. "Maybe (the NDP) put her there not expecting to win, but to gain some experience and cut her political teeth. (Brosseau has yet to give an interview, and an NDP spokesperson told QMI Agency Thursday that she is receiving training on the ins and outs of her new job and taking a crash course in French.) "It'll be interesting to see what happens," said van Dreunen. "She's a neophyte, she needs an opportunity to find her sea legs. That's not to say she couldn't be an absolutely wonderful (MP)." Experience, said van Dreunen, can be overrated. "There's an expression: The ark was built by amateurs, the Titanic was built by professionals.” The newly elected MP, she said, has "an exciting future.” "She's certainly got the intellect to do the job. I wish her well." mnorris@thewhig.com

  42. 2012- Quebec elects a minority PQ government http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ws61KtnM-Qg (3:31) ‘Taking a look at Quebecs new Charter of Values’’ Proposed by the PQ to drum up support for a majority government- appeal to the hardcore Quebecois who feel they’re losing their province to immigrants

  43. Provincial Ballot results in Quebec

  44. Lets answer these questions… Continuity & Change- what’s changing & what is staying the same? • What’s with Quebec? • Where is this going? • What should we do?

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