Learning

Learning

Ivan Pavlov Interested in the way behavior is conditioned by association. Conducted experiments to test behavioral responses to stumuli.

Classical Conditioning

Phases of Classical Conditioning

Learning Factors • Number of pairings • Strength of UCS • Reliability of CS in predicting UCS • Occurrence of CS just before UCS

Timing of CS before UCS

Classical Conditioning Applied • Flooding • Systematic desensitization • Taste aversion (Smell aversion…)

Systematic Desensitization RELAXING IMAGE (UCS) Calm (UCR) Relaxing Image paired with a FEARED OBJECT (CS) Calm (UCR)

Systematic Desensitization Until finally Calm (CR) The FEARED OBJECT (CS)

Thorndike's Law of Effect Good Outcome Strengthens Response Stimulus Bad Outcome Weakens

Operant Conditioning Increases chances of Behavior followed by Reinforcement

For Your Viewing Pleasure….Einstein the Parrot • http://tinyurl.com/52ydx

B. F. Skinner Described operant conditioning. Investigated reward schedules.

Beyond Basic Operant Conditioning • Generalization and discrimination • Extinction and Spontaneous Recovery • Shaping • Superstitious Behavior • Primary and Secondary Reinforcers

Reinforcement Schedules • Continuous Reinforcement • Fixed Ratio • Variable Ratio • Fixed Interval • Variable Interval

Typical Response Curves Response Rate REWARDS Time Since Beginning

Typical Response Curves Response Rate Time

Magnitude of Reinforcement

Immediacy of Reinforcement TIME

Reward vs.Punishment Makes a behavior more likely Makes a behavior less likely, or... Causes avoidance of the punisher, or ... Makes the organism avoid getting caught, or... Causes habituation to punishment, or... Has no effect if the reward is greater than the punishment is aversive, or... Combinations of the previously noted effects

Punishment • Limitations • Alternatives • Removing • Behavior Modification • Token Economies • Time Outs

But, humans aren’t rats... • Humans form hypotheses, and humans can learn through observation. • Hypothesis Testing • Insight Learning • Latent Learning • Tolman • Bandura (Observational Learning)

Observational Learning People tend to imitate: • People they see as more like them • People who are rewarded • Prestigious people

Cognitive and Social Learning • Learning from models • “Do as I do” • Learning from television

Learning Types

Learning

Learning

Presentation Transcript

Learning and Lifelong learning

Learning About Learning

Reinforcement Learning : Learning Algorithms

Learning E-Learning: Introduction

Blended Learning , Better Learning

Learning and Learning LiveCode

Learning styles Learning Preferences Learning Strategies

HUMAN LEARNING AND LEARNING

Learning about learning

Machine learning: Unsupervised learning

Learning about learning

Mobility + Learning = Mobile Learning

Active Learning = Deep Learning

Learning and Learning Disabilities

Learning Unit – learning consultant

Learning inside, learning outside

Learning Teaching Teaching Learning

Learning Technologies E-Learning