1 / 72

Splash Screen

Splash Screen. Current events in Africa south of the Sahara can best be understood by knowing about the region’s diverse peoples, its histories, and its cultures. Chapter Intro 1. Section 1: The Sahel.

debbie
Download Presentation

Splash Screen

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Splash Screen

  2. Current events in Africa south of the Sahara can best be understood by knowing about the region’s diverse peoples, its histories, and its cultures. Chapter Intro 1

  3. Section 1:The Sahel Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment.The Sahel, at the edge of the Sahara, influences the ways of life in this subregion. Chapter Intro 2

  4. Section 2:East Africa Places reflect the relationship between humans and the physical environment.East Africa’s peoples, history, and cultures have been influenced by its location on the Atlantic coast. Chapter Intro 3

  5. Section 3:West Africa The characteristics and distribution of cultures influence human systems.West Africa’s religions and social structures play a major role in people’s daily lives. Chapter Intro 4

  6. Section 4:Central Africa Culture influences people’s perceptions of places and regions.While indigenous peoples built societies in response to the natural environment, European powers exploited the region. Chapter Intro 5

  7. Section 5:Southern Africa Geography is used to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future.Knowledge of southern Africa’s natural resources and colonial past helps one fully know the region. Chapter Intro 6

  8. The Sahel The Sahel, at the edge of the Sahara, influences the ways of life in this subregion. Section 1-GTR

  9. Population Patterns The changing physical environment and the many diverse ethnic groups have shaped population patterns in the Sahel. • The people: • Mandé people of Senegal and Mali • Wolof of Senegal Section 1

  10. Population Patterns (cont.) • Hausa of Niger • Fulani • Berber Section 1

  11. Population Patterns (cont.) • Density and distribution: • Population density is unevenly distributed. • Average population density is about 103 people per square mile. • Sudan has the highest density. Muslim Population Section 1

  12. History and Government The physical environment and the relative location of the Sahel have drawn together diverse cultures that continue to influence the subregion. • First civilizations: • Egyptian civilization • The kingdom of Kush Section 1

  13. History and Government (cont.) • Empires and colonization: • The Mali Empire • Songhai Empire • Complete European control by 1914 • Colonies gained independence by 1950s African Kingdoms and Empires Section 1

  14. History and Government (cont.) • Sudan today—a division: • North—Arab-speaking Muslims; Islamic-oriented government • South—live in rural areas; subsistence economy; secular government Section 1

  15. Culture Although diverse, the cultures of the Sahel region share many similarities. • The arts—African art—often expressing traditional religious beliefs—comes in many forms, from ritual masks to rhythmic drum music to folktales. • Family life—strong family ties valued. Section 1

  16. Culture (cont.) • Language—several African language groups: Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Congo-Kordofanian • Religion—Islam • Education—low school enrollment and literacy rates • Health care—poor health care Section 1

  17. East Africa East Africa’s peoples, history, and cultures have been influenced by its location on the Atlantic coast. Section 2-GTR

  18. Population Patterns The populations of East Africa have been shaped by their location along the long coast-line of the Indian Ocean. • In East African countries today, one ethnic group is the majority in a country. Section 2

  19. Population Patterns (cont.) • The people: • The Bantu—Uganda and Tanzania • Hutu—Rwanda and Burundi Section 2

  20. Population Patterns (cont.) • Density and distribution: • Distribution is highly uneven due to land and climate. • City dwellers, nomads, and farmers live in this region. Africa South of the Sahara: Population Density Section 2

  21. History and Government Throughout much of its history, East Africa’s location has attracted people from many continents. • Early peoples and kingdoms: • Possible place of origin for all humankind • Kingdom of Axum • Djibouti people Section 2

  22. History and Government (cont.) • Arab traders • Persians • European colonization: • Britain, France, Germany, Portugal • British doctor and missionary David Livingstone Section 2

  23. History and Government (cont.) • Colonialism created enormous problems for Africa’s people. • European powers granted colonies independence in the 1960s. • However, the newly independent countries faced (and still face) internal and external strife. Section 2

  24. Culture Common elements such as language and religion connect the cultures of East Africa. • Language—Congo-Kordofanian, Nilo-Saharan, Afro-Asiatic; English and French • Religion—Christian or Muslim • Education—levels of education vary throughout the region; few complete secondary education. Section 2

  25. Culture (cont.) • Health care—many problems exist. • The arts—visual arts of masks and textiles; forms of music, dance, and oral traditions • Ways of life in East Africa are as varied as the ethnic groups who live there. Section 2

  26. West Africa West Africa’s religions and social structures play a major role in people’s daily lives. Section 3-GTR

  27. Population Patterns The location and densities of West Africa’s populations affect people’s way of life. • The people: • Hausa • Yoruba Section 3

  28. Population Patterns (cont.) • Density and distribution: • Distribution is very uneven, with most people living along the coast and river plains. • Africa’s rate of urbanization is the world’s fastest (although only 44% live in cities). Urbanization in West Africa Section 3

  29. History and Government West Africa’s history has been shaped by indigenous and outside forces, each with their own cultures. • Early empires: • Ghana Empire • Mali Empire Section 3

  30. History and Government (cont.) • The colonial era: • 1400s—Portuguese set up trading posts along the African coast. • 1600s and 1700s—Europeans were actively trading with Africans, including slaves. • French colonizers were trying to end slavery during this time as well. Section 3

  31. Culture West African culture has been shaped by hundreds of years of European and Arab influences. • Language—hundreds of languages are spoken; English, French, Arabic, Yoruba • Religion—Islam, Christianity, traditional African religions • Education—inconsistent throughout the region Section 3

  32. Culture (cont.) • Health care—uneven and limited • The arts—music and dance, weaving, masks, sculptures Section 3

  33. Section 4-GTR Central Africa While indigenous peoples built societies in response to the natural environment, European powers exploited the region.

  34. Population Patterns Groups of people throughout Central Africa usually have a shared culture, depending on where they live. • The people: • This region is home to hundreds of ethnic groups. • Most people exist by subsistence agriculture or raising cattle. Section 4

  35. Population Patterns (cont.) • Fulani • Bantu • Fang • Mbuti Section 4

  36. Population Patterns (cont.) • Density and distribution: • This region is the least densely populated on the continent. • More densely populated areas are in the Republic of the Congo, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Section 4

  37. History and Government Central Africa was the location of early migrations and, later, of European systems of slavery, colonization, and plantation economies. • Early settlement: • Bantu-speaking people established settlements in the region by A.D. 800. Section 4

  38. History and Government (cont.) • Slavery: • Huge numbers of people from the African interior were sold into slavery. The Atlantic Slave Trade Section 4

  39. History and Government (cont.) • European colonization: • It was not until the 1800s that large areas of Central Africa were colonized. • By 1960, all the French colonies had become independent countries. Section 4

  40. History and Government (cont.) • Instability after independence: • People in most Central African countries experienced periods of ethnic strife, harsh rule, and human rights abuses after independence. Section 4

  41. Culture The many diverse cultures of Central Africa share similar experiences as a result of geography, their history, and their current situation. • Language—700 local languages in the Democratic Republic of the Congo alone; French; pidgin • The arts—Mangbetu pottery, sculpture Section 4

  42. Culture (cont.) • Religion and family life are intertwined—numerous and diverse religions, but they share many common elements. • Some Christianity found as well. • Education—many systems are strained. • Health care—this is also strained in most areas. Section 4

  43. Southern Africa Understanding southern Africa’s natural resources and colonial past helps one fully know the region. Section 5-GTR

  44. Population Patterns Southern Africa is undergoing significant population changes as a result of its colonial history and present challenges. • The people: • Sena • Bantu • Swazi Section 5

  45. Population Patterns (cont.) • Zulu • San • Afrikaners Ethnic Composition of South Africa Section 5

  46. Population Patterns (cont.) • Density and distribution: • Population densities vary widely across the region. • Many people are moving to urban areas to work in gold and diamond mines. • Despite population explosions in parts of Africa, AIDS is expected to reduce the populations of many of the region’s countries. The State of HIV/AIDS Section 5

  47. History and Government Situations created by colonial rule challenge southern Africa today and will continue to do so into the future. • Early cultures: • Zulu • Bantu Section 5

  48. History and Government (cont.) • European colonization: • Arabs and Europeans settled in southern Africa for economic reasons. • The Portuguese controlled Angola, Mozambique, Comoros, and Mauritius. Section 5

  49. History and Government (cont.) • Challenges after independence: • Postcolonial rule has been a difficult adjustment for most African countries. • Exceptions—Botswana, Mauritius • Apartheidwas ended in the early 1990s, but problems continue today. Section 5

  50. Culture While countries in southern Africa enjoy more freedoms under independence, they face serious economic and health-care problems. • Language—African languages; English, French, Afrikaans • Religion—Christianity as well as traditional religions Section 5

More Related