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Important Concepts in Chemistry and Periodic Table Trends

Learn about the significance of Dalton, Lavoisier, Proust, and Boyle in chemistry, understand Rutherford's atomic model, calculate mass of iron atoms, determine the number of atoms in carbon, and study electron configuration and valence electrons of cobalt.

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Important Concepts in Chemistry and Periodic Table Trends

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  1. December 16, 2013 (O) • Dalton is important because… • Lavoisier is important because… • Proust is important because… • Boyle is important because… • Draw a model of Rutherford’s setup • What is the mass in grams of 500. atoms of iron? • How many atoms in 0.200 grams of carbon? • Write electron configuration, draw orbital diagram, and underline valence electrons for cobalt.

  2. December 16, 2013 (O) • Review for final • HOMEWORK: • Continue studying for final • Have a calculator for final • Periodic Table provided

  3. 2. Electron Configuration Hydrogen Comp Simulation

  4. 2. Electron Configuration Valence Electrons

  5. 2. Electron Configuration What are valence electrons?

  6. 2. Electron Configuration What are valence electrons? electrons in its outermost orbital are called the valence electrons

  7. 2. Electron Configuration How do we know which are the valence electrons? Has the highest n value, the principle quantum number

  8. 2. Electron Configuration Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si

  9. 2. Electron Configuration Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si Si = 1s22s22p63s23p2

  10. 2. Electron Configuration Write FULL electron configuration for Silicon, Si Si = 1s22s22p63s23p2

  11. 2. Electron Configuration Write FULL electron configuration for Germanium, Ge

  12. 2. Electron Configuration Write FULL electron configuration for Germanium, Ge Ge = 1s22s22p63s23p24s23d104p2 4 valence electrons

  13. 2. Electron Configuration Write electron configurations for the following Underline the valence electrons

  14. 2. Electron Configuration Write electron configurations for the following Underline the valence electrons

  15. 2. Electron Configuration How many valence electrons do you predict the last row will have? Do you notice a pattern?

  16. 2. Electron Configuration How many valence electrons do you predict the last row will have? Do you notice a pattern?

  17. 2. Electron Configuration EXAMPLE: Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 = [Ne]3s1 Lithium 1s22s1 = [He]2s1 This pattern is seen in columns 1-2 and 13-18 of the PT What other patterns might exist within the PT? Maybe there is a reason why the PT has that weird shape!

  18. 2. Electron Configuration How do you identify the valence electrons?

  19. 2. Electron Configuration Classwork: Workbook page 18, # 1-12 Write the term Then the letter AND phrase in your answers. You may summarize by just writing keywords You DO NOT have to write the entire phrase

  20. What can the Quantum Model of the atom show us? • What is an orbit and what is an orbital? • Complete Table • Textbook page 99, #3,4,5,6,7,9 • Turn in

  21. 3. Trendy Table The Periodic Table and its Trends OBJECTIVE: Understand how the Periodic Table is organized.

  22. 3. Trendy Table Periodic Table What is it?

  23. 3. Trendy Table • Periodic Table • What is it? • a tool • organizes information • NOT something to memorize • instead, learn how to use the organized information • See page or back of textbook

  24. 3. Trendy Table • Main Question • How to best organize all the different elements?

  25. 3. Trendy Table

  26. 3. Trendy Table

  27. 3. Trendy Table

  28. 3. Trendy Table

  29. 3. Trendy Table • Main Question • How to best organize all the different elements? • Handout

  30. 3. Trendy Table • Main Question • How to best organize all the different elements? • So a quick history…

  31. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves

  32. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves

  33. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev

  34. 3. Trendy Table • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev

  35. 3. Trendy Table • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev

  36. 3. Trendy Table • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • Arranged elements into rows by atomic mass. • Arranged columns by chemical property • Ingenious design = left blanks, did not assume we discovered all elements. Able to ACCURATELY predict properties of undiscovered elements.

  37. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • 1913 – J. Moseley & Protons & Atomic #

  38. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • 1913 – J. Moseley & Protons & Atomic # • Classwork: Textbook pg 122, #2,5,6,7,8

  39. 3. Trendy Table Brief History of the Table Classwork: Textbook pg 122, #2,5,6,7,8 Define the following Period Group Periodic Law Atomic Radius Bond Radius Ionization Energy Electronegativity

  40. 3. Trendy Table Brief History of the Table Classwork: Textbook pg 122, #2,5,6,7,8 Define the following Period Group Periodic Law

  41. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • 1913 – J. Moseley & Protons & Atomic # • Classwork: Textbook pg 122, #2,5,6,7,8

  42. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • 1913 – J. Moseley & Protons & Atomic # • Classwork: Textbook pg 122, #2,5,6,7,8

  43. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • 1913 – J. Moseley & Protons & Atomic # • Classwork: Textbook pg 122, #2,5,6,7,8

  44. 3. Trendy Table Brief History of the Table Workbook pg 23, #2-5 Answer in complete sentences. Define the following Period Group Periodic Law Atomic Radius Bond Radius Ionization Energy Electronegativity

  45. 3. Trendy Table • Brief History of the Table • Just like class activity, different versions • 1860 - John Newlands & Octaves • 1869 – Dimitri Mendeleev • 1913 – J. Moseley & Protons & Atomic # • Classwork: Workbook pg 23, #2-5 • Answer in complete sentences.

  46. 3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends How would you define “pattern”? How would you define “trend”?

  47. 3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends Objective: To recognize patterns in the PT

  48. 3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends Objective: To recognize patterns in the PT 3 Patterns Atomic Radius Ionization Energy Electronegativity

  49. 3. Trendy Table Periodic Trends First, some important terms Period: Group: Periodic Law:

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