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Higher Electricity

Higher Electricity. QUESTION 1. What is the definition of electrical current?. QUESTION 2. What is the definition of potential difference ?. QUESTION 3. What is the definition of ‘electrical power’ ?. QUESTION 4. Calculate the resistance between X and Y. QUESTION 5.

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Higher Electricity

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  1. HigherElectricity

  2. QUESTION 1 What is the definition of electrical current?

  3. QUESTION 2 What is the definition of potential difference?

  4. QUESTION 3 What is the definition of ‘electrical power’ ?

  5. QUESTION 4 Calculate the resistance between X and Y.

  6. QUESTION 5 When the switch closes, what happens to the readings on the ammeter and the voltmeter?

  7. QUESTION 6 Calculate the resistance between X and Y.

  8. QUESTION 7 Calculate the resistance between A and B.

  9. QUESTION 8 Calculate or find the readings on the ammeter and the voltmeter when: a) the switch S is open. b) the switch S is closed.

  10. QUESTION 9 What is the purpose of Wheatstone Bridge Circuits?

  11. QUESTION 10 State two things about a Wheatstone Bridge Circuit which will indicate that it is balanced.

  12. QUESTION 11 When Rv is increased from 10kΩ, what will the graph look like of V against ΔR?

  13. QUESTION 12 Calculate the reading on the voltmeter in the unbalanced Wheatstone Bridge circuit shown below.

  14. QUESTION 13 State the definition of EMF.

  15. QUESTION 14 What is meant by a ‘terminal potential difference’ of 5V?

  16. QUESTION 15 State the three variations of the EMF equation.

  17. QUESTION 16 Which two pieces of information can be taken from the graph below when it cuts the y-axis and the x-axis?

  18. QUESTION 17 Find the internal resistance of the battery from the graph below.

  19. QUESTION 18 Calculate the reading on the ammeter, when the switch is open and when the switch is closed.

  20. QUESTION 19 What is meant by the term ‘short circuit current’?

  21. QUESTION 20 Under what conditions do you have maximum power transfer in a circuit from a battery with an internal resistance r?

  22. QUESTION 21 The circuit below is used to find the emfE and internal resistance r of a battery.

  23. QUESTION 21 (Cont’d) The following information in the table below is found by closing different combinations of the switches S1, S2 and S3. a) Complete the table. b) Draw a graph of V against I to find: i) EMF of the battery ii) Internal resistance of the battery. c) Why does the terminal potential difference of the battery increase as the current in the circuit decreases?

  24. QUESTION 22 A battery of emf E of 4.5V and an internal resistance r of 1.2Ωis set up as shown below.

  25. QUESTION 22 (Cont’d) • a) What is meant by an emf E of 4.5V? • b) Switch S1 is now closed. Calculate or find: • i) the reading on the ammeter. • ii) the reading on the voltmeter. • c) Describe what happens to the readings on the ammeter and voltmeter at the instant when switch S2 is closed.

  26. QUESTION 23 State the mains voltage and mains frequency of the supply in the UK.

  27. QUESTION 24 State the names of the controls on an oscilloscope used to measure a) Peak Voltage and Frequency. b) Describe how the ac wave pattern explains how the current flows from the supply in an ac circuit.

  28. QUESTION 25 If the oscilloscope is set at 5V/div, then calculate the peak voltage and the rms voltage from the wave trace below.

  29. QUESTION 26 If the oscilloscope is set at 10ms/div, then calculate the frequency of the wave trace below.

  30. QUESTION 27 State two observations of the wave trace below if the oscilloscope setting is changed from 5ms/div to 20ms/div.

  31. QUESTION 28 A peak current of 0.37A flows through a lamp of resistance 885 Ω. Calculate the power of the lamp.

  32. QUESTION 29 Calculate the peak voltage and the peak current from the circuit below.

  33. QUESTION 30 A signal generator is connected to an oscilloscope and is set to a peak voltage of 12V. The Y-gain setting is omitted and the time-base setting is set at 1.0ms/div. Calculate or find: a) Y-gain of the oscilloscope. b) Frequency of the signal in Hertz.

  34. QUESTION 31 Find the following from the wave trace produced from an ac source with the following settings on the oscilloscope. Y-gain setting = 5V div-1 Time-base setting 10ms div-1. a) Peak Voltage Vp b) Root Mean Square Voltage Vrms c) Frequency of the source.

  35. QUESTION 32 What do capacitors store and what type of circuits would you find them in?

  36. QUESTION 33 State the unit for Capacitance and give another unit which is equivalent to it.

  37. QUESTION 34 State what is meant by a capacitor having a capacitance of 3000µF.

  38. QUESTION 35 A capacitor is marked 6V,120µF. Calculate the maximum charge and the maximum energy that it can store.

  39. QUESTION 36 If the capacitance and resistance are both increased in the diagram below, then sketch the new waveform produced.

  40. QUESTION 37 Calculate the energy stored in the capacitor below, when the voltage across it is 8V.

  41. QUESTION 38

  42. QUESTION 39 What will happen to the readings on each ammeter when the frequency of both supplies are increased?

  43. QUESTION 40 In the circuit below the capacitor starts to charge up when the switch S is closed. a) Calculate the maximum charging current during the charging process. b) Calculate the charging current when the potential difference across the capacitor is 6V. c) Calculate the extra energy stored when the voltage across the capacitor increases from 6V to 9V.

  44. QUESTION 41 A 7.5V dc power supply is connected as shown in the circuit below. When the switch is closed the capacitor starts to charge up. Sketch the following graphs with axes and list the quantities and units labelled for: a) Charging Current (I) against time (t). b) Voltage across the Capacitor (Vc) against time (t).

  45. QUESTION 42 Name the process involved when impurity atoms are added to form a p-type or an n-type semiconductor material.

  46. QUESTION 43 Name the two types of bias that a p-n material can be connected up in with a battery.

  47. QUESTION 44 State the charge present in p-type and n-type semiconductor materials and what type of charge carriers do they both prefer?

  48. QUESTION 45 Name component X, state the mode it is operating in and describe how it will turn the electric motor.

  49. QUESTION 46 What difference is noticeable between the conduction and valence bands in semiconductors and insulators when comparing them?

  50. QUESTION 47 What happens to the band gap in a semiconductor material when the temperature increases?

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