Charles W Chapple, DC, FICPA 360 E Irving Park RD, Roselle, IL (630) 894-8778 drchapple

1. The Structure and Function of Sensory Processing Disorders:Working to BenefitfromADD/ADHD to Autism Charles W Chapple, DC, FICPA 360 E Irving Park RD, Roselle, IL (630) 894-8778 www.drchapple.com Selected 2006 & 2007 “Guide To America’s Top Chiropractors” 2008 “ Five Star Excellence Award in Chiropractic”

2. What are Sensory Processing Disorders? • Any condition which demonstrates the inability to process information through the Senses. • Interestingly the DMSR does not acknowledge this sensory component in ASD (only language, social and behavioral variations).

3. Inter-related Conditions? ADD/ADHD AUTISM PDD SPD CHALLENGED “Normal” Children

4. Prevalence • ADD/ADHD: 5 Million Children in USA alone • Autism: Every 21 minutes another Child is Diagnosed. • Challenged Child: 12 to 30% of Children.

5. Though Senses Through Reflexes How is Information Gathered for Our Sensory System?

6. Far Senses - Allow us to respond to stimuli outside our body: Hear See Taste Touch Smell Near Senses - Or Hidden Senses – Automatically respond within our body to stimuli: Body Position/Awareness Movement/Balance Body Senses Include

7. What are the Primitive Reflexes? Primitive reflexes are automatic survival responses to stimuli (Sensory Input) which develop during uterine life and should be fully present at birth. Asymmetrical/ Symmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex – Moro Reflex – Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex – Fear Paralysis Reflex – Palmar Reflex – Plantar Reflex – Babinski Reflex – Spinal Galant Reflex - Suck and Rooting Reflex –

8. Primitive Reflexes Charted

9. Anatomy of Primitive Reflexes: • Within the brainstem • Oldest part of the brain (Reptilian or Pre-Cortical) => Midbrain => Cortical • Automatic vs Volitional • Stimulus elicited (e.g. A Chocolate Cookie) • Survival / Instinctual • As higher brain centers mature or the PR’s Integrate more voluntary Postural Reflexes and Cortical development occurs

10. What are Retained Primitive Reflexes? • These are primitive reflexes that remain and do not integrate, therefore postural reflexes donot develop fully resulting in a “Reflexive No Man’s Land” or “ A Reflexive Seesaw” (e.g. Car stuck in the Snow). • Thus the body remains under the influence of involuntary responses instead of voluntary. • Retained Primitive Reflexes cause: • Difficult voluntary movements and Balance • Irregular Visual Perception • Irregular Auditory Processing • Irregular Sensory Perception

11. Observing SPD’s An Individual defined as having SPD concerns exhibits variations of sensory activity in : Frequency Intensity Duration Observed as either as aHypersensitivity or a Hyposensitivity

12. Hypersensitive- requires less stimulation Avoids sounds Overwhelmed by intense visual Object to textures and gag Avoid textures and being touched Avoids odors Rigid and uncoordinated Apprehensive running, climbing and swinging Hyposensitive- requires more stimulation Appears to ignore sound Appears uninterested by visual Tastes inedible objects Chews and presses into objects Unaware of unpleasant odors Limp and clumsy Craves rocking, twirling and fidgets The Sensitivity of the Seven Senses in SPD

13. How SPD Presents

14. Fear Paralysis Reflex Oppositional Defiance “The Screaming Child” Moro Reflex Aggressive Overactive (Ready-Fire-Aim) Overemotional (Weeping Anger) *Learning Difficulty “Can’t Turn Off” Hypersensitive to sense (sound,taste,touch,vision,balance) Adrenal Fatigue=> Weak Immune Palmar Reflex Poor Manual Dexterity (Thumb) Speech Difficulties Manual Tasks Inhibit Talking Difficult writing (w/Mouth Motion) Plantar Reflex Trouble w/Gait, Run, Toe Walk Rooting/Suck Reflex Difficult Chew, Speech and Dribble Often w/ Car & Sport Injury, Dental More Specific Retention Symptoms of Retained Reflexes:

15. Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex: Easily Distracted Poor Pencil Grip, Excessive Grip Missing Visual Reading Fields When reading Difficult Distance Perception Difficult tasks involving both sides of Body Poor Ball Skills Learning Difficulty Tonic Labyrinthine Reflex: Poor Judgment of Balance, Space, Distance, Depth & Motion Motion Sickness “Floppy” or “Rigid” Child Fatigue when Neck Flexed Learning Difficulty Spinal Gallant Reflex: Delayed Sitting Abnormal Gait/Posture Poor Bladder/ Bed Wetting “Ant’s in Pants” Child Learning Difficulty More Specifics on Retained Symptoms:

16. Difficulty with Senses and Reflexes Difficulty with Skills Motor/ Muscle Tone Cognition Communication Socialization Independence Difficulty with Behaviors Impulsiveness Self Control Distractibility Frustration Social Emotional

17. Cause: Difficulty with Senses and Reflexes Effect Difficulty with Skills and Behavior Low Self Esteem SPD Expression

18. Traditional Treats causes as genetic, pre-postnatal trauma and unknown Treatment is geared from outside the body to inside the body ( e.g. Behavioral Modification) Reactive Alternative Treats the structure in order to improve the function as cause is a Sensory & Reflex imbalance System Overwhelmed Treatment is geared from inside the body to outside the body (e.g. Chiropractic and Craniosacral Therapy (CST) Proactive Intervention

19. Controlling the Senses and the Reflexes • The Central Nervous System (CNS), comprised of the brain, brain stem, the cranial nerves, the spinal cord and the nerve attachments controls the senses and the reflexes.

20. CNS Involvement • Hear………………………………CN 8 (Vestibular Cochlear) • See………………………..CN 2(Optic)..CN 3(Occulomotor), CN 4(Trochlear)..CN 6 (Abducens) • Taste………………………………..CN 9(Glossopharyngeal) • Touch……..............................Afferent and Spinal Pathways • Smell…………………………………………..CN 1 (Olfactory) • Body Position...................CN 8, Brain stem and Spinal cord • Movement………………………..Brain stem and Spinal cord

21. Cranial Nerves Involvement

22. CNS Structure and Function • The Cranium and Spinal Cord are the boney structures protecting the CNS. Improper Improper Improper Structure Function Sensory and Reflex Processing (Alignment and Position) (Motion and Nerve Communication) Improve Improve Improve Structure Function Sensory and Reflex Processing

23. The Link • The CNS and its intimately related boney protective network form the profound link of communication and functional interaction between an individual’s internal and external environments.

24. Craniosacral Therapy (CST) • Focuses on relieving pressure on the brain and spinal cord through manual pressure techniques used at the cranium and sacrum.

25. The Craniosacral System • Consists of membranes and cerebral spinal fluid, which protect the CNS. • Restrictions in this system are detected, and corrections are identified through manual monitoring of the craniosacral rhythm (CSR).

26. The Bones to the Senses and Reflexes

27. The Bones in Motion

28. Variations in CSR. • Variations in the CSR (6-12 bpm) could indicated any number of motor, sensory, reflex or neurological impairments, as well as causes of pain.

29. The Chiropractic Approach to the CNS • Chiropractors identify the necessity for the reduction of Subluxations, and utilize gentle spinal pressure techniques calledAdjustments in order to remove Subluxations.

30. What are Subluxations? • CNS irritation characterized by: • Irregular boney mechanics or spinal misalignment • Nerves imbalances • Muscle irritations • Tissue inflammation • Degenerative wear The poor structure or mechanics involved in creating Subluxationsresults in poor motor, sensory, reflex and neurological function, as well as causes of pain.

31. Spinal Involvement

32. The Best of Both Worlds • CST and Chiropractic adjustments work to restore more appropriate motor, sensory, reflex and neurological input and therefore improve function. • Improve Structure Improve Function • Working inside to out and not outside to in.

33. Measuring CNS Function • Health care practitioners are challenged to quantify variations of the CNS communication with SPD conditions. • Frequently conventional tests such as blood markers, MRI’s and EEG’s appear unremarkable.

34. The CNS Simplified

35. InfraredThermography Measures temperature variations along the spine as indications of imbalances in the Autonomic nervous system which result from subluxations within the CNS. SurfaceElectromyography Illustrates the effectiveness of motor nerves by measuring the amount of current at the muscle, with imbalances being indication of subluxations within the CNS. Noninvasive Testing of the CNS

36. Infrared Thermography

37. Surface Electromyography

38. More Scans

39. Clarification: • There is no HealthCare that is guaranteed or without risk. • However, Chiropractic and CST are among the most safe effective in benefiting the CNS.

40. A Mom’s Story Dear Parents, After a frustrating year of indifferent doctors who ignored my concerns about my son, finding Dr Chapple was like a gift. Over weeks of therapy he has improved considerably. He no longer cocks his head. Spins or presses his forehead onto me. In Fact, we took him for a haircut, and for the first time he sat still for the whole thing….No unfinished haircut, frantic barber or parents. It’s sad, but I had never really noticed that he didn’t run very much before. When he did…he ran on his toes with a very awkward gait. Now he races around on his little feet for the sheer joy of running that all children have.

41. More Resources: • www.icpa4kids.com • www.upledger.com • www.autismspeaks.com

42. Some Help from Michelangelo… • “the danger that exist is not aiming to high and reaching it, but aiming to low and achieving it.” • We can never aim to high for our children

43. The Structure and Function of Sensory Processing Disorders Charles W Chapple, DC, FICPA 360 E Irving Park Rd, Roselle, IL 60172 (630) 894-8778 www.drchapple.com