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Substance Abuse Trends and Consequences

Substance Abuse Trends and Consequences. Martin Arocena. Outline. Introduction Substance Consumption Patterns Consequences Need Assessment and Identification of Critical Needs. Strategic Prevention Framework.

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Substance Abuse Trends and Consequences

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  1. Substance Abuse Trends and Consequences Martin Arocena

  2. Outline • Introduction • Substance Consumption Patterns • Consequences • Need Assessment and Identification of Critical Needs

  3. Strategic Prevention Framework • DSHS applied for and received a grant to participate in SAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention Framework initiative. • Part of the requirements of the grant is that each funded state organize a state epidemiological workgroup (SEW).

  4. State Epi Workgroup • The purpose of the SEW is to: • Assess the status of the state with respect to substance abuse prevalence • Select consumption-related consequences and measure the state’s status on them

  5. State Epi Workgroup • Identify the state’s critical needs in terms of problem, population, and geographical location where problems are more severe. • Work with the Advisory Council to inform them and provide data as needed to help them make informed decisions.

  6. State Epi Workgroup • Texas’ epi workgroup consists of representatives from several state agencies, community organizations and academia that have information and access to consumption and consequences databases; • We received technical assistance from researchers from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation and work closely with CSAP. They provide advice, leadership, and participate in the decision-making process.

  7. State Epi Workgroup • Drs. Cervantes and Rey from Behavioral Assessment Inc. as the contracted program evaluators are members of the group. • Liang Liu, the principal investigator of the Texas School Survey and I are the co-coordinators of the group. • The collaborators provided the data to us and we did the statistical analyses and reporting.

  8. Databases Consulted • Consumption: • 2002-2003 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) • 2004 Texas School Survey • 2000 Texas Survey of Substance Abuse among Adults (TCADA- Lynn Wallisch) • 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance • 2003 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System

  9. Substances Selected: Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana Inhalants Cocaine/crack Any other illicit drug used Measures: Current use (past 30 days) Past year use Age of initiation Binge drinking (5 or +) Heavy drinking (2 +)

  10. Consequences • Alcohol and Drug Dependency • Alcohol-related fatalities • Crime statistics • Mortality rates

  11. Databases Consulted • Consequences: • 2003 Fatalities Analyses Reporting System • 2003 Uniform Crime Reports • 2003 Mortality Data from CHS/DSHS • Census of the Population data

  12. CONSUMPTION

  13. Age of Initiation

  14. Binge Drinking • Binge Drinking • The 2004 Texas School Survey reports that approximately 23% of the students in grades 7 – 12 had 5 or more drinks on one occasion during the past year. The rate of binge drinking is decreasing from 27% in 2000 to 26% in 2002. • Based on YRBSS, 25.7% of high school students in Texas reported episodic heavy drinking (5 drinks or more in a row during the past 30 days).

  15. Binge Drinking Binge Drinking Among the 18 to 25 years old group, about 58% were current drinkers and 40% were binge drinkers. The current drinkers among the older group drops to about 50%. Binge drinkers drops to about 23%, and 5% heavy drinkers

  16. Drinking and Driving • About 14% of students in grades 9 through 12 admitted they had driven a car after having had a good bit to drink at least once in the past year, and 24% of the seniors said so. • 11% of students in grades 9 through 12 reported having driving when they were high from drugs and 18% of the seniors said so.

  17. Adults Trends

  18. Adults Trends • The source for the Adult Trend information is: SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies , National Household Survey on Drug Abuse 1999, 2000, and 2001 • The information is for Texas.

  19. Demographics: • Gender • Ethnicity

  20. Gender Differences

  21. Inhalants • About 7% of the youth had used inhalants in the past month. Due to its harmful effects on the brain and the relative easiness of getting the product the use of inhalants is considered a serious problem in the state

  22. Cocaine • The use of crack/cocaine in Texas has higher prevalence rates than in the other 50 states. • Approximately 7% of the 18 to 25 years old population reported using cocaine.

  23. Methamphetamines • The proportion of clients admitted to treatment that mentioned methamphetamines as their primary drug has increased from 5% to 10% in 2004. • Unlike the other drugs, more than one half (53%) of these clients were women.

  24. At Risk Populations • Use of alcohol, but not cigarettes, marijuana and cocaine, is higher among college students than among non-college youth of the same age. • There is a significant difference in the use of cocaine between border and non-border Hispanics.

  25. Regional Differences • Wallisch in the TCADA 2000 Adult Survey found that compared to the mean level for the state: • Region 6 had higher-than-average rates of alcohol use. • Region 7 had the highest rate of marijuana use in the state • Region 8 had the highest rate of cocaine use.

  26. CONSEQUENCES

  27. Substance Abuse Dependence • The 2002-2003 NSDUH included questions designed to measure dependence and abuse of alcohol and drugs based on criteria specified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV).

  28. Substance Abuse Dependence • According to the national survey in Texas: • 12 to 17 group: 6 % = 123,088 • 18 to 25 group: 17 % = 460,320 • 26 and older: 6 % = 1,123,054 • Texans were alcohol dependent or abusers.

  29. Substance Abuse Dependence • Alcohol is the most frequently mentioned primary drug reported by the Adult population admitted to publicly-funded treatment centers in Texas. • About 30 % of the clients reported this substance as their primary substance at admission.

  30. Substance Abuse Dependence • The national survey estimated the following percentages of residents in Texas who are dependent or abusers of any illicit drug: • 12 to 17 group: 5 % = 102,573 • 18 to 25 group: 7 % = 189,543 • 26 and older: 1.5 % = 280,764

  31. Motor Vehicle Fatalities • Texas was the state with the largest number of alcohol-related fatalities in the nation. Of the 42,643 MVF in the nation, 3,675 (1.58%) occurred in Texas. • Of the total 3,765 crashes in the state, 1,709 (47%) were alcohol-related. It is higher than the national average, 41%.

  32. Motor Vehicle Fatalities • In 2003, of the 5,011 drivers involved in a MVF, 1,469 (29.3%) were identified as having had some alcohol. • The age-group with the highest percentage of drunk drivers was the 21 – 29 years old group (38%)

  33. Motor Vehicle Fatalities • The counties with the greatest concentration of population in Texas have the larger number of MVF and had the higher number of intoxicated drivers involved in fatalities.

  34. Motor Vehicle Fatalities • The next slide will show 19 counties with 21 or more drivers during the past 3 years who were involved in a MVF. Together these 19 counties had : • 60% of the 3,081 drivers involved in a MVF from the age-group. • 59% of the 2,052 intoxicated drivers involved in a MVF from the same age group.

  35. Motor Vehicle Fatalities • The columns for the next slides present: • Name of the County • Total number of drivers involved in crashes in which at least one person died. • The number of alcohol-involved drivers in crashes in which at least one person died. (Expressed as a fraction because the probability of alcohol involvement is imputed using a probabilistic model.) • The percent of alcohol-involved drivers.

  36. Sampled Population: • From the Individual FARS; • Years: 2001, 2002, 2003 • Ages 12 to 17, 18 to 20, 21 to 29

  37. Motor Vehicle Fatalities County Total # of Perc. Intox. D Of DD Galveston 49 21.0 45% Hays 46 21.0 48% Jefferson 74 22.7 32% Smith 91 23.9 29% Nueces 58 24.0 43% Bell 79 24.6 32% Williamson 79 24.9 31% Lubbock 70 30.9 44% Collin 78 32.8 44% Denton 97 33.4 38%

  38. Motor Vehicle Fatalities County Total # of Perc Intox. Of DD Cameron (Valley) 81 38.1 47% Montgomery (N. of H) 126 40.4 33% El Paso 140 51.9 38% Hidalgo (Harlingen) 173 65.4 38% Travis (Austin ) 181 75.7 43% Tarrant (Ft. Worth) 223 78.6 35% Bexar (San Antonio) 270 99.9 38% Dallas 444 167.5 38% Harris (Houston) 772 325.8 42%

  39. Motor Vehicle Fatalities

  40. Violence • As reported in the 10th Report to the U.S. Congress on Health and Alcohol: • The relationship between the offender’s drinking and the perpetration of violence has continued to show that the offender’s drinking is related to violence

  41. Violence • The amount of alcohol consumed tends to be larger in more serious offenses; • The connection between drinking and violence is stronger where the relationship between the perpetrator and victim is closer, and • Persons consuming large amounts of alcohol were at greater risk for violence than those consuming smaller amounts.

  42. Crime-Related Statistics • Violence rate includes aggravated assault, rape, and robbery. It is associated with alcohol abuse. • The UCR reports show that the Texas’ violence rate per population is higher than the national rate

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