Chapter 2: Population

1. Chapter 2: Population • Where is the world’s population distributed? • Where is the population increasing rapidly? Decreasing? Stagnant? • What accounts for the differences? • Overpopulation?/underpopulation? • Demographic transition theory/model of human societies.

2. Population Distribution • Asia 3.7 Billion 61% • Africa 818 Million 13% • Europe 727 Million 12% • Latin Amer. 525 Million 8.5% • North Amer. 316 Million 5% • Au/NZ 31 Million .5%

8. Different types of population density • Crude density (arithmetic density) = population divided by land area • Nutritional density (physiological) = total population divided by amount of land under cultivation do you suppose that the USA’s “nutritional density” is higher or lower than China’s?

11. The “Ecumene”

13. (Crude) Birth Rates: births per 1000 people per year (also referred to as “fertility” rates)

15. GDP, per capita

16. HDI

17. (Crude) Death Rate: deaths per 1000 per year (also referred to as “mortality” rates)

18. Rate of Natural Increase (births minus deaths) • CBR-CDR, then divide by 10 (to get percent); so…. • If CBR = 20, and CDR = 5, then the rate of natural increase = 15(/10)=1.5% per year

19. Total fertility rate

20. Infant Mortality Rate (per 1000 live births)

21. Life Expectancy at birth

22. Demographic Transition Theory

23. Age-Sex Pyramids (a.k.a. “population pyramids”)

24. (Crude) Birth Rates: births per 1000 people per year (also referred to as “fertility” rates)

25. Dependency Ratio • Divide a society into 0-14, 15 -64, 65 and over. • Ideally the ratio should be 1:2, but in stage 2 (and/or 3) of the demo trans, it can be 1:1 • Also, if the CBR falls too low, the DR can also increase towards 1:1

26. The “Baby Boom” in the USA

27. Regional differences

28. Regional differences (cont.)

30. Extreme Cases…