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Agenda Item 9.1.5 ITU WRC-15

Agenda Item 9.1.5 ITU WRC-15. Presented by Koos Pretorius, SACAA Regional Frequency Spectrum Workshop for ITU WRC-15 Nairobi, Kenya September 3-4, 2013. WRC-15 Agenda Item 9.1 5 (9.1.5); Consideration of technical and regulatory actions in order to support

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Agenda Item 9.1.5 ITU WRC-15

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  1. Agenda Item 9.1.5 ITU WRC-15 Presented by Koos Pretorius, SACAA Regional Frequency Spectrum Workshop for ITU WRC-15 Nairobi, Kenya September 3-4, 2013

  2. WRC-15 Agenda Item 9.1 5 (9.1.5); Consideration of technical and regulatory actions in order to support existing and future operation of fixed‑satellite service earth stations within the band 3 400 – 4 200 MHz, as an aid to the safe operation of aircraft and reliable distribution of Meteorological information in some countries in Region 1 (Resolution 154 (WRC-12))

  3. Historic Background Aviation safety across the African Continent has been compromised by a lack of reliable fixed aeronautical telecommunications infrastructure used for providing Air Traffic Services/Direct Speech (“ATS/DS”) and Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunications Network (“AFTN”) voice and data services

  4. Historic Background Continued The South African Air Navigation Service Provider, Air Traffic and Navigation Services (ATNS) in collaboration with the International Air Travel Association (IATA) introduced the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) network in the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) C-Band in 1998 called SADC/1

  5. Historic Background Continued When the SADC/1 VSAT network reached its “end-of-life” it became imperative to replace the network due to maintenance costs, and in particular the repair of VSAT equipment that became unaffordable as the basic VSAT technology platform was not supported anymore.

  6. Historic Background Continued As part of the on going support of aeronautical and navigational services in the SADC region, ATNS and the individual States therefore collectively decided to replace the SADC VSAT network with a new baseline VSAT technology platform that will provide and support legacy as well as new communications facilities and protocols. (The SADC/2 network)

  7. Historic Background Continued As a result of the leading role ATNS played in resolving the aeronautical fixed communication deficiencies in the SADC Region, ICAO and the North East African States accepted an offer from ATNS and IATA to implement a similar fixed aeronautical VSAT network in the North East AFI (Africa-Indian Ocean) Region, to address the ATS/DS and AFTN deficiencies within this region (The NAFISAT network).

  8. Historic Background Continued The SADC/2 and NAFISAT VSAT networks are supported by ATNS in terms of the bilateral agreements reached with all the States in the SADC and North East African regions.

  9. Historic Background Continued Not all the individual States have the capability to maintain their in-country VSAT terminals, and as a result of the high availability and maintainability requirements, 2 (two) Maintenance Management Centres were established to co-ordinate fault and failure management. These centres are also responsible for physical maintenance site visits to those sites that do not at present have their own maintenance capability.

  10. Historic Background Continued • The two main centres are: • Entebbe, serving mainly the States in the North East African Region and; • Johannesburg, serving mainly the States in the SADC Region. • These two centres also provide the master timing for the TDMA signals to the network.

  11. Historic Background Continued Additional Multi-Channel per Carrier (“MCPC”) point-to-point links are provided in the SADC and NAFISAT VSAT network for interconnection to the ASECNA (“Agency for the Safety of Aerial Navigation in Africa”) AFISNET (“Africa Indian Ocean Satellite Network”) VSAT network operated in West Africa.

  12. Historic Background Continued In West Africa a network was also initiated by ICAO and funded by the European Economic Community (EEC) and implemented by ALCATEL in the period 1992 to 1995. This network called AEROSATEL was implemented to provide reliable aeronautical fixed and mobile services in the West and Central Africa region in the ACCRA, KANO, N`DJAMENA and NIAMEY FIR.

  13. Historic Background Continued This initial network was expanded and became AFISNET. This service covers the ASECNA area including Roberts FIR, Madagascar, Reunion and Mayotte, The Comoros, Angola, Algeria, Sao Tome & Principe with links to South Africa and France.

  14. The CAFSAT (Central Atlantic Firs VSAT) Network The CAFSAT network links the SAM, EUR and AFI regions and provides interconnectivity between the AFI networks and the South American digital network (REDDIG)

  15. Toulouse Lisbonne Sante Maria Tunis Alger Casablanca Tripoli Las Palmas Le Caire Bir-Mogreïn Tessalit Nouadhibou Atar Dirkou Faya Agadez NKT Gao Sal Dire Zinder Khartoum NMY Tamba Bamako NDJ Ouaga AmTiman Kano Maiduguri Conakry Garoua Lagos Bria Cotonou Lome Accra Bouar Abidjan Bangui Douala Malabo Ouesso Nairobi RECIFE Libreville Dar es Salaam Brazzaville Moroni Pointe Noire Kinshasa Dzaoudzi Antsirana Luanda Station B (11 M) Mahga Station F2 (7m30) Maurice Station F1 (3m60) Toamasina Links via AFISNET network St Denis Tana Beira Links via CAFSAT network Links via SADC network Toliara Planned links JOHANESBURG Aeronautical Communication VSAT Links AFISNET network

  16. Historic Background Continued These VSAT networks support all aeronautical communications services including the extension of VHF aeronautical mobile, navigation and surveillance. VSAT networks are also used for data links for the meteorological services in Africa.

  17. Historic Background Continued Today, VSAT networks constitute a real infrastructure, spanning the entire African continent and beyond. The availability of the entire 3.4 to 4.2 GHz FSS band is crucial for the AFI Region to ensure the continued growth of traffic while maintaining the required level of safety in this region.

  18. Agenda Item 1.4 at the World Radio Conference of 2007 (WRC-07), addressed the issue whether the band 3400 MHz to 4200 MHz (“C-band”) should be identified for the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) on a global basis with the longstanding primary allocation to the fixed satellite service (FSS)

  19. Historic Background Continued WRC-07 rejected the global identification for IMT in the C-band because of the recognised need to protect FSS communications from harmful interference evidenced in studies by the ITU

  20. Historic Background Continued WRC-07, subject to certain restrictions, adopted new footnotes to Radio Regulations to allow the band 3400MHz to 3600MHz for use by the IMT, but only by countries listed in the foot notes (opt-in countries). The restrictions established additional protection for the C-band earth stations by the opt-in countries in each of the three ITU regions.

  21. Historic Background Continued 81 Countries in Region 1 opted-in and the band 3400- 3600MHz was allocated and became effective in November 2010 on a co-primary basis for the mobile (including IMT ) with PFD limit restrictions and coordination requirements

  22. Historic Background Continued In the 14 opt-in countries in Region 2, the 3400 MHz – 3500 MHz band was allocated by footnote to mobile services (which includes IMT) on a co-primary basis subject to coordination with affected administrations The 3500 MHz – 3600 MHz band has also been identified for IMT in opt-in countries in Region 3. *Since the effective date, interference interruptions have occurred throughout Africa, and in Australia, Bolivia, Peru, the Caribbean, China, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia and Russia. *Source - Squire, Sanders & Dempsey L.L.P.

  23. IMT INTERFERENCE The main culprit of interference to aeronautical VSAT networks is WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Tests indicated that interference was not caused by co-channel assignments, but by the harmonic content in the side lobes of the radiated signal

  24. Instance of Interference recorded Plot of Interference found on the VSAT carriers (NAFISAT network)

  25. Instance of Interference recorded/continued… • Interference was neither present during installation of the • VSAT terminal nor during subsequent preventative • maintenance visits • The fault that developed on the particular terminal is caused by local interference as all the VSAT terminals connected to this VSAT are operational • It was concluded that local WiMAX transmissions could be the most likely source of the interference • It was decided to change the home channel of the terminal to a channel with less interference

  26. Interference caused to Ouagadougou Earth Station (Burkina Faso) by WIMAX Spectrum Analysis of the intermediate frequency (IF) 141.9125 MHz

  27. Spectrum analysis without IMT signal - 8 March 2013

  28. Interference caused to Lima Earth Station (Peru) by WIMAX from 31 August to 07 September 2012

  29. Spectrum Analysis of Frequency Band 3.513 – 3.533 GHz with WIMAX signal – 6 September 2012

  30. Spectrum Analysis of Frequency Band 3.4 – 3.7 GHz without WIMAX signal – 6 September 2012

  31. Resolving the interference • Different methods used to resolve interference • Changing the channels • Using Filters • Relocating antennae

  32. CONCLUSION • Regulatory measures are needed to ensure an appropriate level of protection for the FSS C-band spectrum which is used to augment terrestrial communication networks through the use of VSAT technology. VSAT technology is used to facilitate safety-of-life CNS services within the aeronautical community. • Long-term VSAT spectrum availability and protection from interference should be guaranteed across the entire African Continent and other parts of the world. The meeting is invited to support the following recommendation:

  33. Recommendation – Long-term very small aperture terminal spectrum availability and protection: • that ICAO Member States should not support additional international mobile telecommunications spectrum allocation in the fixed satellite services C-band spectrum at the expense of the current or future aeronautical very small aperture terminal networks; and • ICAO and ICAO Member States to pursue this matter in ITU-R and during the World Radio Conference (WRC-15, Agenda Items 1.1 and 9.1.5), to prevent any international mobile telecommunications spectrum allocation that compromises the availability of the aeronautical very small aperture terminal networks

  34. Thank You ?

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