STEP ONE: Initial reading

1. STEP ONE: Initial reading • Look at the text in front of you. • What do you notice before reading the document? • Please read through the text independently one time. • Now, please follow along with the text as I read it aloud to you.

2. Best responses • Are complete sentences that restate the question • Whenever possible, mention LINE NUMBERS in parenthesis

3. STEP TWO: Questions about the text 3 To the Second Convention of Delegates Richmond, Virginia 4 March 23, 1775 5 MR. PRESIDENT: No man thinks more highly than I do of the patriotism, as well as 6 abilities, of the very worthy gentlemen who have just addressed the House. 1. Who is this speech intended for? What word or words tell you that?

4. STEP TWO CONTINUED:QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TEXT 2. Many times during the speech Patrick Henry uses the pronouns “we”, “our”, and “us”. To whom do these pronouns refer?

5. 6 But different 7 men often see the same subject in different lights; and, therefore, I hope it will not be 8 thought disrespectful to those gentlemen if, entertaining as I do, opinions of a character 9 very opposite to theirs, I shall speak forth my sentiments freely, and without reserve. This 10 is no time for ceremony. The question before the House is one of awful moment to this 11 country. 3. What did Patrick Henry mean when he said, “this is no time for ceremony” in line 10?

6. QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TEXT 35 We have petitioned; we have 36 remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and 37 have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. 38 Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and 39 insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, 40 from the foot of the throne. 4. How does Patrick Henry describe the British reaction to the petition previously sent by the Convention of Delegates?

7. 35 We have petitioned; we have 36 remonstrated; we have supplicated; we have prostrated ourselves before the throne, and 37 have implored its interposition to arrest the tyrannical hands of the ministry and Parliament. 38 Our petitions have been slighted; our remonstrances have produced additional violence and 39 insult; our supplications have been disregarded; and we have been spurned, with contempt, 40 from the foot of the throne.In vain, after these things, may we indulge the fond hope of 41 peace and reconciliation. There is no longer any room for hope. 5. Why does Patrick Henry believe that there is “ no longer any room for hope” and action is necessary?

8. QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TEXT 58 Besides, sir, we have no election. If 59 we were base enough to desire it, it is now too late to retire from the contest. There is no 60 retreat but in submission and slavery! Our chains are forged! Their clanking may be heard 61 on the plains of Boston! The war is inevitable and let it come! I repeat it, sir, let it come. 6. What does Patrick Henry’s use of the word slavery mean in this context?

9. 41 If we wish to be free if we 42 mean to preserve inviolate those inestimable privileges for which we have been so long 43 contending if we mean not basely to abandon the noble struggle in which we have been so 44 long engaged, and which we have pledged ourselves never to abandon until the glorious 45 object of our contest shall be obtained, we must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! An 46 appeal to arms and to the God of Hosts is all that is left us! 7. What is Patrick Henry’s purpose in giving this speech?

10. 62 It is in vain, sir, to extenuate the matter. Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace but there is no 63 peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the north will bring to 64 our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we 65 here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace 66 so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I 67 know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! 8. Why is this speech entitled “Give me liberty or give me death?”

11. What does a good text-based response look like????? • Our thoughts:

12. STEP FOUR: Writing assessment Q- What are the reasons Patrick Henry wants his colleagues in the Convention of Delegates to go to war with Britain? • Using the guidelines we created for a great text-based paragraph, collaborate to write your answer.

13. Paraphrasing vs. direct quotes Paraphrasing • Sample QUESTION: Prove this claim using evidence and reasoning: The middle passage was a dangerous trip for slaves. • Paraphrasing evidence means putting the evidence in your own words. You should do this whenever possible: • Example: If the document says “I was soon put down under the decks, and there I received such a salutation in my nostrils as I had never experienced in my life: so that, with the loathsomeness of the stench, and with my crying together, I became so sick and low that I was not able to eat.” • You might say: For example, OladuahEquiano described the smell of a slave ship being so disgusting that he was sick to his stomach (7-9). • *You should paraphrase evidence whenever possible: In order to do this, the beginning and end of your paraphrase should be different from the actual passage, and no two words in a row should be the same as the passage.

14. Paraphrasing vs. direct quotes • Direct Quotes • Direct quotes are when you cite the EXACT WORDS from the document. Only do this when the information is stated in such a way that you couldn’t possibly put it in your own words! • For example: OladuahEquiano described the dangerous conditions aboard a slave ship “This deplorable situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains…and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which children often fell, and were almost suffocated. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered it a scene of horror almost inconceivable.” (31-34)

15. Look for EVIDENCE to support your word CHOICE • Evidence Patrick Henry wants his colleagues to go to war. • Highlight YELLOW the evidence you want to PARAPHRASE. • Highlight ORANGE the evidence you plan on directly quoting

16. Always must EXPLAIN your evidence, called REASONING • If your evidence says: For example, OladuahEquiano described the smell of a slave ship being so disgusting that he was sick to his stomach (7-9). • Your reasoning might say: Considering this evidence, it can be concluded that many slaves would be unable to hold down food during the middle passage, and might die as a result OR • OladuahEquiano described the dangerous conditions aboard a slave ship “This deplorable situation was again aggravated by the galling of the chains…and the filth of the necessary tubs, into which children often fell, and were almost suffocated. The shrieks of the women, and the groans of the dying, rendered it a scene of horror almost inconceivable.” (31-34) • Your reasoning might then say: This shows that slave children often died on the middle passage by falling into the tubs where everyone was going to the bathroom.

17. Sentence starters: Sentence starters for introducing evidence: -For example, -Another example from the documents -Evidence for this can be seen… -As _______ (author or document) shows, Sentence starters for reasoning: -This shows -This demonstrates -This evidence suggests -This evidence contributes -This evidence supports -This evidence confirms -It is apparent this evidence caused -Considering this evidence, it can be concluded… -Based on the____ it can be argued -The connection -Hence -This proves -This highlights ** Use your past writing examples to improve this piece of writing. (Fix your past mistakes)

18. Paragraph outline Claim: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Evidence # 1 (with line numbers) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reasoning: Stop and EXPLAIN this evidence and how it relates to your claim (This shows, This proves, This evidence highlights…): ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

19. Evidence # 2 (with line numbers) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reasoning #2: Stop and EXPLAIN this evidence and how it relates to your claim (This shows, This proves, This evidence highlights…): _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

20. Evidence # 3 (with line numbers) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Reasoning #3: Stop and EXPLAIN this evidence and how it relates to your claim (This shows, This proves, This evidence highlights…): _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

21. Summary Sentences • A summary sentence goes at the END of a body paragraph. The job of a summary sentence is to wrap up the entire paragraph • For example: Taken together, this evidence clearly shows the middle passage was a dangerous and often deadly journey for slaves.

22. Final sentence that wraps up your paragraph:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Now on the back of your paper, put all of the above together into a complete paragraph! Claim goes first, then EVIDENCE # 1 (with line #’s), stop and explain, Evidence # 2, etc… UNDERLINE YOUR CLAIM